ʻO ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni conductive māmā he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā hāmeʻa paʻi a me nā hōʻike aniani wai.ʻO Graphene he mea akaka a conductive a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mea maikaʻi no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni conductive.ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā nanowires kālā a me ka graphene e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa.Hāʻawi ʻo Graphene i kahi substrate maʻalahi no nā nanowires kālā e pale ai i nā nanowires kālā mai ka haki ʻana ma lalo o ka hana o ka ʻāʻī, a ma ka manawa like e hāʻawi i nā ala hou no ke kaʻina hoʻoili uila.ʻO Graphene silver nanowire transparent conductive film nā hiʻohiʻona o nā waiwai photoelectric maikaʻi loa, nā waiwai kemika paʻa a me ka loli maikaʻi.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e like me nā electrodes o nā cell solar, a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā pale paʻi, nā mea hoʻomehana aniani, nā papa kākau lima, nā mea uila a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe.