I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea nano metala makamae ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻoihana āpau, a ʻo kēia mau metala makamae ka mea maʻamau i nā huahana hohonu.ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hana hohonu o nā metala makamae e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano kino a i ʻole kemika o nā metala makamae a i ʻole nā ​​pūhui ma o ke ʻano o nā kaʻina hana e lilo i mea waiwai nui.I kēia manawa ma o ka hui pū ʻana me ka nanotechnology, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano o ka hana hohonu metala makamae, a ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā huahana hou metala hohonu.

ʻO nā mea metala makamae Nano he mau ʻano mea metala maʻalahi a me nā mea nanopowder pūhui, nā mea metala hanohano hou nā nanomaterial macromolecular hou a me nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala hanohano.I waena o lākou, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea waiwai a me nā mea hoʻohui nano pauka o nā metala hanohano i ʻelua ʻano: kākoʻo a kākoʻo ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā nanomaterial metala makamae i ka ʻoihana.

1. Nā mea nanopowder o nā metala hanohano a me nā pūhui

1.1.Kākoʻo ʻole ʻia ka pauda

ʻElua ʻano o nā nanopowders o nā metala hanohano e like me ke kālā (Ag), ke gula (Au), ka palladium (Pd) a me ka platinum (Pt), a me nā nanoparticles o nā pūhui metala hanohano e like me ke kālā oxide.Ma muli o ka ikaika o ka ikehu pili honua o nā nanoparticles, ua maʻalahi ke agglomerate ma waena o nā nanoparticles.ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mea pale (me ka hopena dispersing) e uhi i ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana i ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a i ʻole ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huahana pauka.

Noi:

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā nanoparticles metala makamae i kākoʻo ʻole ʻia i hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana e pili ana i ka pauka kālā nano, ka pauka gula nano, ka pauka nano platinum a me ka ʻokikene kālā nano.Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia ka ʻāpana gula Nano ma ke aniani Venetian a me ke aniani aniani, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka gauze i loaʻa i ka pauka kālā nano no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi kuni.I kēia manawa, hiki i ka pauka kālā nano ke hoʻololi i nā pauka kālā ultra-fine i loko o ka paʻi conductive, hiki ke hoʻemi i ka nui o ke kālā a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai;ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana metala nano ma ke ʻano he kala i ka pena, ʻo ka uhi ʻālohilohi loa e kūpono ai i nā kaʻa nani a me nā mea hoʻonaninani kiʻekiʻe.Loaʻa iā ia ka mana hoʻohana nui.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka slurry i hana ʻia me ka colloid metala koʻikoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana paʻa, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomohala i kahi hanauna hou o nā huahana uila kiʻekiʻe.I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia ka colloid metala ponoʻī i ka hana uila uila a me ka ʻenehana hoʻopili uila, e like me ka metala Pd colloids hiki ke hana ʻia i wai toner no ka hana uila uila a me ka hana lima lima gula.

1.2.Kākoʻo pauda

ʻO nā mea nano i kākoʻo ʻia o nā metala maikaʻi e pili ana i nā composites i loaʻa ma ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā nanoparticles o nā metala hanohano a me kā lākou pūhui ma luna o kekahi mea lawe porous, a ua hoʻokaʻawale kekahi poʻe iā lākou ma ke ʻano he hui metala hanohano.Loaʻa iā ia ʻelua mau pōmaikaʻi nui:

① Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā mea pauka Nano o nā mea metala hanohano a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, hiki ke pale pono i ka agglomeration o nā nanoparticles metala hanohano;

②ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ke ʻano i kākoʻo ʻole ʻia, a ua maʻalahi nā mea hōʻailona ʻenehana.

ʻO nā pauka metala hanohano i kākoʻo ʻia i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana e komo pū me Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh a me nā nanoparticles alloy i hoʻokumu ʻia ma waena o lākou a me kekahi mau metala kumu.

Noi:

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā nanomaterial metala hanohano i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he catalysts.Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻāpana kikoʻī kikoʻī nui o nā nanoparticles metala hanohano, ʻokoʻa loa ka mokuʻāina hoʻopaʻa a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mana o ka ʻili mai nā mea i loko o nā ʻātoma i loko, no laila e hoʻonui nui ʻia nā wahi hana ma ka ʻili o nā mea metala hanohano. , a iā lākou nā kūlana kumu e like me nā catalysts.Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kūpaʻa kemika kūʻokoʻa o nā metala makamae e loaʻa iā lākou ke kūpaʻa catalytic kūʻokoʻa, ka hana catalytic a me ka hana hou ʻana ma hope o ka hana ʻana i catalysts.

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano o nā catalysts metala makamae nano-scale no ka noi ʻana i ka ʻoihana synthesis kemika.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka colloidal Pt catalyst i kākoʻo ʻia ma ka zeolite-1 no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā alkanes i ʻaila, colloidal Ru i kākoʻo ʻia ma ke kalapona hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka synthesis ammonia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā colloids Pt100 -xAux no ka hydrogenolysis n-butane a me ka isomerization.ʻO nā metala makamae (ʻoi aku ka Pt) nanomaterials e like me nā catalysts ke pāʻani nei i ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā wahie wahie: ma muli o ka hana catalytic maikaʻi loa o 1-10 nm Pt particles, hoʻohana ʻia ka nano-scale Pt e hana i nā catalysts cell fuel, ʻaʻole catalytic wale nō. hoʻokō.Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā metala makamae, i hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kumukūʻai hoʻomākaukau.

Eia kekahi, ʻo nā metala makamae nano-scale e pāʻani i kahi hana nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu hydrogen.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala hanohano nano-scale no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai e hana i ka hydrogen kahi kuhikuhi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā nanomaterial metala hanohano.Nui nā ala e hoʻohana ai i nā nanomaterial metala hanohano no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hana hydrogen.No ka laʻana, colloidal Ir he mea hoʻoikaika ikaika no ka ho'ēmi wai i ka hana hydrogen.

2. Nā pūʻulu hou o nā metala hanohano

Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena Schiffrin, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo Au, Ag a me kā lākou mau alloys i pale ʻia me ka alkyl thiol, e like me Au / Ag, Au / Cu, Au / Ag / Cu, Au / Pt, Au / Pd a me nā pūʻulu atomika o Au / Ag / ʻO Cu/Pd a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka helu nui o ka hui puʻupuʻu he hoʻokahi a hiki ke hoʻokō i ka maʻemaʻe "molecular".ʻO ke ʻano kūpaʻa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me nā molekala maʻamau me ka ʻole o ka agglomeration, a hiki ke hana i nā hopena e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana, ka hui ʻana a me ka polymerization, a hana i nā crystals me nā pūʻulu atomic e like me nā ʻāpana hana.No laila, ua kapa ʻia kēlā mau pūʻulu ʻātoma he monolayer protected cluster molecules (MPC).

Hoʻohana: Ua ʻike ʻia he hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā nanoparticles gula me ka nui o 3-40 nm no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i loko o nā cell a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻiʻo o loko, he mea nui ia i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka biology cell.

3. Nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala makamae

Loaʻa i nā metala makamae nā waiwai kemika paʻa a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻopili ʻana me ke kaiapuni a puni, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā uhi ʻili a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni porous.Ma waho aʻe o ka uhi hoʻonaninani maʻamau, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia ke aniani i uhi ʻia i ke gula ma ke ʻano he pale pale e hōʻike ai i ka radiation wela a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu.No ka laʻana, ua hoʻokomo ka Royal Bank of Canada Building ma Toronto i ke aniani hoʻonaninani gula-plated, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i 77.77 kg o ke gula.

He mea hana ʻoihana ʻo Hongwu Nano i nā ʻāpana metala makamae nano, hiki ke hāʻawi i nā mea metala makamae nano elemental, nā nanoparticles metala makamae, nā nanoparticles shell-core i loaʻa nā metala makamae a me kā lākou hoʻopuehu ʻana i nā pūʻulu.Welina mai e leka uila iā mākou no ka ʻike hou aku!