I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia ke komo ʻana a me ka hopena o ka nanotechnology i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, bioengineering a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.Loaʻa i ka Nanotechnology kahi pōmaikaʻi hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kahua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i manaʻo ʻia a kūloko ʻia, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau mucosal, ka lāʻau gene a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka protein a me ka polypeptide.

Hoʻolaha ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā ʻano hana maʻamau a puni ke kino ma hope o ka intravenous, waha a kūloko paha, a ʻo ka nui o nā lāʻau i hōʻea maoli i ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e mālama ʻia he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō ia o ka dosis, a ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā wahi ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAʻole wale ka hopena therapeutic, e lawe pū kekahi i nā hopena ʻino.No laila, ua lilo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau hou i alakaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou, a ua lilo ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopuka lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia (TDDS) i wahi wela i ka noiʻi lāʻau.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻalahi, hiki i nā mea lawe lāʻau nano ke hoʻomaopopo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia.ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i kahi ʻōnaehana hāʻawi lāʻau e kōkua i nā mea lawe, nā ligands a i ʻole nā ​​​​antibody e koho koho i nā lāʻau i nā ʻiʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻiʻo, nā ʻōkana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nā cell target a i ʻole nā ​​hale intracellular ma o ka hoʻokele kūloko a i ʻole ke kahe koko ʻōnaehana.Ma lalo o ka hana a kahi alakaʻi alakaʻi kikoʻī, hāʻawi ka mea lawe lāʻau nano i ka lāʻau i kahi pahuhopu kikoʻī a hoʻokō i kahi hopena therapeutic.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hopena lāʻau hoʻomau, bioavailability kiʻekiʻe, a me ka paʻa lōʻihi o ka hopena koʻikoʻi i nā pahuhopu.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea lawe, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana nui ai i nā ʻāpana ultrafine, hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i kēia mau ʻāpana ʻāpana i loko o ke ake, spleen, lymph a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma muli o nā hopena kino a me ke kino.ʻO ka TDDS e pili ana i kahi ʻano hou o ka ʻōnaehana lawe lāʻau e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokaʻawale i nā lāʻau i loko o nā ʻiʻo maʻi, nā ʻāpana, nā cell a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūnaewele intra ma o ke kahe koko kūloko a ʻōnaehana.

Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau Nano.Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena i nā ʻōpū ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka lāʻau a hōʻemi i nā hopena ʻaoʻao systemic.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā ʻano dosage kūpono loa no ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau anticancer.I kēia manawa, aia kekahi mau huahana hoʻomākaukau nano i manaʻo ʻia ma ka mākeke, a ʻo ka nui o nā mea hoʻomākaukau nano i manaʻo ʻia aia i ka pae noiʻi, nona nā manaʻo noiʻi ākea i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi tumora.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka nano-targeted:

⊙ Huli 'ana: ua ho'opa'a 'ia ka lā'au lapa'au ma ka wahi i 'imi 'ia;

⊙ E ho'ēmi i ka nui o ka lāʻau;

⊙ Hoʻonui i ka hopena curative;

⊙ E hōʻemi i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. 

ʻO ka hopena hulina o nā nano-hoʻomākaukau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he pilina nui me ka nui o ka mea hoʻomākaukau.Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻāpana me ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 100nm i ka iwi iwi;hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻāpana o 100-200nm i nā kahua maʻi maʻi;oiai 0.2-3um uptake e macrophages i loko o ka spleen;paʻa mau ʻia nā ʻāpana >7 μm e ka moena capillary pulmonary a komo i ka ʻiʻo māmā a i ʻole alveoli.No laila, hōʻike nā hoʻomākaukau nano ʻokoʻa i nā hopena huli ʻokoʻa ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me ka uku o ka ʻili. 

ʻO nā mea lawe maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā nano-platforms i hoʻohui ʻia no ka maʻi i manaʻo ʻia a me ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia ka:

(1) Nā mea lawe lipid, e like me ka liposome nanoparticles;

(2) Nā mea lawe polymer, e like me nā polymer dendrimers, micelles, polymer vesicles, block copolymers, protein nano particles;

(3) Inorganic lawe, e like me nano silicon-based particles, carbon-based nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, metala nanoparticles, a me up-hoololi nanomaterials, etc.

ʻO nā loina aʻe e hahai maʻamau i ke koho ʻana i nā mea lawe nano:

(1) ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokuʻu ʻia;

(2) Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa biological toxicity a ʻaʻohe basal immune pane;

(3) Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻa colloidal maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa physiological;

(4) Hoʻomākaukau maʻalahi, hana maʻalahi nui, a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa 

Nano Gold Target Therapy

Nā ʻāpana gula(Au).Loaʻa i ka ʻike radiation maikaʻi a me nā waiwai optical, hiki ke hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia i ka radiotherapy i kuhikuhi ʻia.Ma o ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi, hiki i nā ʻāpana gula nano ke hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi i loko o ka ʻiʻo tumora.Hiki i nā nanoparticles Au ke hoʻonui i ka pono o ka radiation ma kēia wahi, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu māmā i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela e pepehi i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ma ia wahi.I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka ʻili o nā nano Au ma ia wahi, e hoʻonui hou i ka hopena therapeutic. 

Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā nanoparticles ma ke kino.Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā nanopowders ma ke kāwili ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea ferromagnetic, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena magnetic field in vitro e alakaʻi i ka neʻe kuhikuhi a me ka localization o nā lāʻau i loko o ke kino.ʻO nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau, e like me Fe₂O₃, ua aʻo ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mitoxantrone me ka dextran a laila ʻōwili iā lākou me Fe₂O₃ e hoʻomākaukau i nā nanoparticles.Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua pharmacokinetic i nā ʻiole.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena e hiki koke mai nā nanoparticles i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka magnetic a noho i ka pūnaewele tumora, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka pūnaewele maʻamau ma mua o nā kiko maʻamau a me ke koko.

Fe₃O₄ua hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻawaʻawa a biocompatible.Ma muli o ke kino kūikawā, kemika, ka wela a me nā waiwai magnetic, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻano biomedical like ʻole, e like me ka cell labeling, target a ma ke ʻano he mea hana no ka noiʻi cell ecology, cell therapy like cell separation. a me ka hoomaemae ana;hoʻoponopono kino;lawe lāʻau;nuklea magnetic resonance imaging;ka mālama ʻana i ka hyperthermia o nā maʻi kanesa, etc.

Nanotubes kalapona(CNTs)Loaʻa i kahi ʻano hollow kūʻokoʻa a me nā anawaena o loko a me waho, hiki ke hana i nā mea hiki ke komo i loko o ka cell a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā nanocarriers lāʻau.Eia kekahi, loaʻa ka carbon nanotubes i ka hana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi koko a hoʻokani maikaʻi i ka hōʻailona ʻana.No ka laʻana, he kuleana ko carbon nanotubes i ka pale ʻana i nā kelepa parathyroid i ka wā o ka ʻoki thyroid.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka lymph nodes i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana, a loaʻa iā ia ka hana o ka hoʻokuʻu lohi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau chemotherapy, e hāʻawi ana i nā manaʻo ākea no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka metastasis maʻi maʻi colorectal.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka noi ʻana o ka nanotechnology i nā kula o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau he manaʻo maikaʻi loa ia, a ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻohuli ʻia ka ʻenehana hou i ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ola.