Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hlau zoo nkauj nano yog siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev lag luam, thiab cov hlau zoo nkauj no feem ntau yog cov khoom lag luam zoo heev.Lub npe hu ua kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv lub cev lossis tshuaj daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig lossis cov khoom sib txuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua tiav los ua cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.Tam sim no los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog nanotechnology, lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig sib sib zog nqus tau nthuav dav, thiab ntau cov khoom siv hlau sib sib zog nqus tshiab kuj tau qhia.

Nano precious hlau cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li ob peb hom noble hlau yooj yim tshuaj thiab compound nanopowder cov ntaub ntawv, noble hlau tshiab macromolecular nanomaterials thiab noble hlau zaj duab xis cov ntaub ntawv.Ntawm lawv, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom sib xyaw nano hmoov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hlau zoo tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: kev txhawb nqa thiab tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa, uas yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau nanomaterials hauv kev lag luam.

1. Nanopowder cov ntaub ntawv ntawm noble hlau thiab tebchaw

1.1.Cov hmoov tsis txhawb nqa

Muaj ob hom nanopowders ntawm noble hlau xws li nyiaj (Ag), kub (Au), palladium (Pd) thiab platinum (Pt), thiab nanoparticles ntawm noble hlau tebchaw xws li nyiaj oxide.Vim yog lub zog ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog ntawm nanoparticles, nws yooj yim rau agglomerate ntawm nanoparticles.Feem ntau, ib tus neeg saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv (nrog cov nyhuv dispersing) yog siv los pleev xim rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm npaj los yog tom qab tau txais cov khoom hmoov.

Daim ntawv thov:

Tam sim no, cov khoom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov hlau nanoparticles uas tau tsim thiab siv hauv kev lag luam feem ntau suav nrog nano nyiaj hmoov, nano kub hmoov, nano platinum hmoov thiab nano nyiaj oxide.Nano kub particle raws li ib tug colorant tau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv Venetian iav thiab stained iav, thiab gauze muaj nano silver hmoov yuav siv tau rau kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob kub hnyiab.Tam sim no, nano nyiaj hmoov tuaj yeem hloov cov hmoov nyiaj ultra-nplua hmoov rau hauv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, uas tuaj yeem txo cov nyiaj thiab txo cov nqi;thaum nano hlau hais yog siv los ua cov xim pleev xim rau hauv cov xim, cov xim tshwj xeeb uas ci ntsa iab ua rau nws haum rau cov tsheb khoom kim heev thiab lwm yam khoom kim heev.Nws muaj peev xwm siv tau loj heev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov slurry ua los ntawm cov hlau zoo nkauj colloid muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua-nqi piv thiab cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov, thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim lub cim tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov hlau tseem ceeb colloid nws tus kheej kuj tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab ntim khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig Pd colloids tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua toner rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv tes ua kub plating.

1.2.Txhawb hmoov

Cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nano ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov khoom sib xyaw uas tau los ntawm kev thauj cov nanoparticles ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo thiab lawv cov khoom sib txuas rau ntawm cov khoom siv ntxeem tau, thiab qee cov neeg kuj tau faib lawv ua cov hlau zoo.Nws muaj ob qhov zoo tshaj plaws:

① Nano hmoov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dispersed heev thiab niaj hnub noble hlau ntsiab thiab cov tebchaw tuaj yeem tau txais, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov agglomeration ntawm noble hlau nanoparticles;

② Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog yooj yim dua li hom tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa, thiab cov kev qhia tau yooj yim los tswj.

Cov hmoov hlau zoo uas tau tsim thiab siv hauv kev lag luam suav nrog Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh thiab alloy nanoparticles tsim ntawm lawv thiab qee cov hlau hauv paus.

Daim ntawv thov:

Tam sim no kev txhawb nqa noble hlau nanomaterials yog siv los ua catalysts.Vim yog qhov me me thiab qhov loj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau nanoparticles, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub xeev thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov atoms saum npoo yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hauv cov atoms sab hauv, yog li ntawd cov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau noble hlau tau zoo heev. , thiab lawv muaj cov xwm txheej yooj yim li catalysts.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig ua rau lawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb catalytic stability, catalytic kev ua haujlwm thiab rov tsim dua tshiab tom qab ua rau hauv catalysts.

Tam sim no, ntau yam kev ua tau zoo nano-scale muaj nuj nqis hlau catalysts rau daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam tshuaj synthesis tau tsim.Piv txwv li, colloidal Pt catalyst txhawb ntawm zeolite-1 yog siv los hloov alkanes rau hauv roj av, colloidal Ru txhawb ntawm carbon yuav siv tau rau ammonia synthesis, Pt100 -xAux colloids yuav siv tau rau n-butane hydrogenolysis thiab isomerization.Cov hlau zoo nkauj (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Pt) nanomaterials li catalysts kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov roj hlwb: vim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov catalytic ntawm 1-10 nm Pt particles, nano-scale Pt yog siv los ua cov roj cell catalysts, tsis tsuas yog catalytic. kev ua tau zoo.Nws tau txhim kho, thiab cov nqi ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem txo qis, kom cov nqi npaj tau txo qis heev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nano-scale precious hlau tseem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub zog hydrogen.Kev siv nano-scale noble hlau catalysts faib dej los tsim hydrogen yog ib qho kev taw qhia ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm noble hlau nanomaterials.Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los siv cov hlau zoo nanomaterials los catalyze hydrogen ntau lawm.Piv txwv li, colloidal Ir yog ib qho active catalyst rau txo cov dej rau hydrogen ntau lawm.

2. Novel pawg ntawm noble hlau

Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Schiffrin, Au, Ag thiab lawv cov alloys tiv thaiv nrog alkyl thiol tuaj yeem npaj tau, xws li Au/Ag, Au/Cu, Au/Ag/Cu, Au/Pt, Au/Pd thiab atomic pawg ntawm Au/Ag/ Cu / Pd thiab lwm yam. Tus lej ntawm pawg pawg yog ib leeg heev thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav "molecular" purity.Qhov xwm txheej ruaj khov tso cai rau lawv rov ua dua thiab ua kom dej nag zoo li cov molecules zoo tib yam yam tsis muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam xws li kev sib pauv, sib txuas thiab polymerization, thiab tsim cov muaju nrog cov atomic pawg raws li cov qauv.Yog li, xws li atomic pawg hu ua monolayer tiv thaiv pawg molecules (MPC).

Daim ntawv thov: Nws tau pom tias kub nanoparticles nrog qhov loj me ntawm 3-40 nm tuaj yeem siv rau sab hauv staining ntawm cov hlwb thiab txhim kho cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv cov hlwb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cell biology.

3. Cov khoom siv hlau zoo nkauj

Cov hlau zoo nkauj muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, thiab feem ntau siv los ua cov coatings nto thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ntxeem tau.Ntxiv nrog rau cov txheej txheej zoo nkauj, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov iav kub-plated tau tshwm sim raws li cov ntaub thaiv phab ntsa kom muaj kev cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab txo lub zog noj.Piv txwv li, Royal Bank of Canada Lub Tsev hauv Toronto tau teeb tsa cov iav tsom iav kub, siv 77.77 kg kub.

Hongwu Nano yog cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm nano precious hlau hais, uas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj nano, cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig oxide nanoparticles, plhaub-core nanoparticles uas muaj cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig thiab lawv cov khoom tawg hauv cov khoom.Txais tos tiv tauj peb kom paub ntxiv!