Mmebi ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ime mmiri nwere ike imebi ihe ndị injinia mmiri, belata ndụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ma bute nnukwu mfu akụ na ụba na ihe ọghọm dị egwu.Ngwa nke mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi bụ ihe ngwọta nkịtị maka nsogbu a.Ka mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa na-etinyekwu uche na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, oge njedebe maka mmachibido iwu zuru oke maka iji ihe ndị na-eme ihe na-eme ka organotin aghọọla oge a kapịrị ọnụ.Mmepe nke ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nano-level antifouling agents aghọwo ihe kachasị mkpa maka ndị na-eme nchọpụta agba mmiri na mba dị iche iche.

 1) Titanium usoro nano anticorrosive mkpuchi

 a) Nano ihe dị kanano titanium dioxidenanano zinc oxideeji na titanium nano anticorrosive mkpuchi nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka ndị na-egbu egbu na-adịghị egbu egbu na ahụ mmadụ, nwere nnukwu nje bacteria, ma nwee ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ.Ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla na mkpuchi ndị a na-eji n'ime ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri na-emekarị ka iru mmiri na obere oghere dị na gburugburu ebe obibi na-emetọ n'ụzọ dị mfe, karịsịa na mpaghara ebe okpomọkụ na ebe okpomọkụ, ma na-enwekarị ike ịmalite ibu na mmetọ.Enwere ike iji mmetụta antibacterial nke nanomaterials mee ihe iji dozie ihe ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ihe mgbochi na mkpuchi na mkpuchi n'ime ụlọ.

 b) Nano titanium ntụ ntụ dị ka inorganic filler nwere ike melite n'ibu Njirimara na corrosion iguzogide nke epoxy resin.Uzuzu nano-titanium ejiri mee nnwale ahụ nwere nha nke na-erughị 100nm.Nsonaazụ ule na-egosi na nguzogide corrosion nke epoxy-modified nano-titanium powder cover na polyamide-modified nano-titanium powder coating ka emelitere site na 1-2 Magnitude.Kwalite mgbanwe na resin epoxy na usoro mgbasa.Tinye 1% nano titanium ntụ ntụ gbanwetụrụ na resin epoxy iji nweta mkpuchi ntụ ntụ nano titanium gbanwetụrụ.Nsonaazụ ule EIS na-egosi na modul impedance nke njedebe obere oge nke mkpuchi na-anọgide na 10-9Ω.cm ~ 2 mgbe imikpu maka 1200h.Ọ bụ iwu 3 dị elu karịa epoxy varnish.

 2) Nano zinc oxide

 Nano-ZnO bụ ihe nwere ọtụtụ ihe mara mma ma ejiri ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe.Ọ nwere ezigbo antibacterial Njirimara megide nje bacteria.Enwere ike iji onye na-ahụ maka njikọta titanate HW201 gbanwee elu nano-ZnO.A na-eji nano-materials emezigharịrị dị ka ihe na-ejuputa n'ime usoro mkpuchi resin epoxy iji kwadebe ụdị atọ nke nano-marine antifouling mkpuchi nwere mmetụta nje.Site na nyocha, achọpụtara na mgbasawanye nke nano-ZnO, CNT na graphene gbanwetụrụla nke ọma.

 3) Nanomaterials sitere na carbon

      Carbon nanotubes (CNT)na graphene, dị ka ihe ndị na-emepụta carbon na-apụta, nwere ihe ndị magburu onwe ha, adịghị egbu egbu, ha adịghịkwa emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.Ma CNT na graphene nwere ihe nje bacteria, na CNT nwekwara ike ibelata ike elu nke mkpuchi ahụ.Jiri silane njikọ njikọ KH602 gbanwee elu CNT na graphene iji melite nkwụsi ike ha na dispersibility na mkpuchi usoro.A na-eji nano-materials emezigharịrị dị ka ihe ndochi ka etinyere n'ime usoro mkpuchi resin epoxy iji kwadebe ụdị atọ nke nano-marine antifouling mkpuchi nwere mmetụta nje.Site na nyocha, achọpụtara na mgbasawanye nke nano-ZnO, CNT na graphene gbanwetụrụla nke ọma.

4) Anticorrosive na antibacterial shei isi nanomaterials

Tinye n'ọrụ na ibu antibacterial Njirimara nke ọlaọcha na porous shei Ọdịdị nke silica, imewe na mgbakọ nke isi-shell ahaziri nano Ag-SiO2;nyocha na ndabere nke kinetics bactericidal ya, usoro bactericidal na arụ ọrụ mgbochi corrosion, n'etiti nke isi ọla ọcha nha bụ 20nm, ọkpụrụkpụ nke nano-silica shei oyi akwa bụ ihe dịka 20-30nm, mmetụta antibacterial doro anya, na arụmọrụ ọnụ ahịa dị elu.

 5) Nano cuprous oxide antifouling ihe

      Igwe ọkụ CU2Obụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ngwa.Ọnụego ntọhapụ nke nano-sized cuprous oxide kwụsiri ike, nke nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ mgbochi nke mkpuchi ahụ.Ọ bụ ezigbo mkpuchi mgbochi corrosion maka ụgbọ mmiri.Ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara na-ebu amụma na nano cuprous oxide nwere ike ime ọgwụgwọ nke ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.