Taa, anyị ga-achọ ịkekọrịta ụfọdụ ihe nanoparticles nke nje antibacterial dị ka n'okpuru:

1. Nano ọlaọcha

Ụkpụrụ mgbochi nke nano ọlaọcha ihe onwunwe

(1).Gbanwee permeability nke akpụkpọ ahụ cell.Ịgwọ nje bacteria na nano ọlaọcha nwere ike ịgbanwe permeability nke cell membrane, na-eduga na ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ nri na metabolites, na n'ikpeazụ cell ọnwụ;

(2).Ion ọlaọcha na-emebi DNA

(3).Belata ọrụ dehydrogenase.

(4).Nchegbu oxidative.Nano ọlaọcha nwere ike ime ka mkpụrụ ndụ mepụta ROS, nke na-ebelata ọdịnaya nke coenzyme II (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors (DPI), na-eduga na ọnwụ cell.

Ngwaahịa ndị metụtara: Nano silver ntụ ntụ, mmiri mmiri na-egbu egbu na-acha ọcha, mmiri mmiri nje nje na-acha ọcha ọla ọcha

2.Nano zinc oxide 

Enwere ụzọ abụọ antibacterial nke nano-zinc oxide ZNO:

(1).Photocatalytic usoro antibacterial.Ya bụ, nano-zinc oxide nwere ike decompose na-ezighị ezi ebubo electrons na mmiri na ikuku n'okpuru irradiation nke ìhè anyanwụ, karịsịa ultraviolet ìhè, mgbe na-ahapụ nke ọma ebubo oghere, nke nwere ike ịkpali oxygen mgbanwe na ikuku.Ọ bụ oxygen na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-ejikwa ụdị microorganisms dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ na-egbu egbu.

(2).Usoro nje bacteria nke mgbasa ion ígwè bụ na a ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ hapụ ion zinc.Mgbe ọ batara na nje bacteria, ọ ga-ejikọta ya na protease na-arụ ọrụ na nje bacteria na-eme ka ọ ghara ịrụ ọrụ, si otú ahụ gbuo nje bacteria.

3. Nano titanium oxide

Nano-titanium dioxide na-emebi nje bacteria n'okpuru ọrụ nke photocatalysis iji nweta mmetụta antibacterial.Ebe ọ bụ na a na-eji usoro eletrọnịkị nke nano-titanium dioxide mara mmachi TiO2 zuru oke na igwe na-eduzi ihe efu, na sistemu mmiri na ikuku, nano-titanium dioxide na-ekpughere ìhè anyanwụ, ọkachasị ụzarị ultraviolet, mgbe ike elektrọn ruru ma ọ bụ gafere oghere gbalaga ya.Nwere ike oge.Electrons nwere ike inwe obi ụtọ site na valence band na conduction band, na oghere kwekọrọ na-emepụta na valence band, ya bụ, eletrọn na oghere ụzọ abụọ.N'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik, a na-ekewa electrons na oghere ma kwaga n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche n'elu akụkụ ahụ.Usoro mmeghachi omume na-eme.Oxygen ahụ tọrọ n'elu TiO2 adsorbs na ọnyà electrons ka ọ bụrụ O2, na radicals superoxide anion radicals na-emeghachi omume (oxidize) na ọtụtụ ihe organic.N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwere ike imeghachi omume na ihe ndị dị na nje bacteria na-emepụta CO2 na H2O;mgbe oghere oxidize na OH na H2O adsorbed n'elu TiO2 ka · OH, · OH nwere ike oxidizing ike, na-awakpo unsaturated agbụ nke organic okwu ma ọ bụ wepụ H Atoms mepụta ọhụrụ free radicals, ịkpalite a yinye mmeghachi omume, na-emecha na-akpata. nje bacteria iji decompose.

4. Nano ọla kọpa,nano ọla kọpa oxide, nano cuprous oxide

Ngwunye ọla kọpa na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ọma na nje bacteria na-adịghị mma na-eme ka nanoparticles ọla kọpa na-abanye na nje bacteria site na mmasị ụgwọ, mgbe ahụ, nanoparticles ọla kọpa na-abanye n'ime sel nke nje bacteria, na-eme ka mgbidi sel na-agbaji na mmiri cell na-asọba. pụọ.Ọnwụ nke nje bacteria;ihe nano-ọla kọpa nke na-abanye n'ime cell n'otu oge ahụ nwere ike imekọrịta ihe na protein enzymes na sel nje bacteria, nke mere na enzymes na-agbaji ma na-arụ ọrụ, si otú ahụ na-egbu nje bacteria.

Ma ọla kọpa elemental na ogige ọla kọpa nwere ihe ndị na-egbu nje, n'ezie, ha niile bụ ion ọla kọpa na sterilizing.

N'ihe dị ntakịrị ntakịrị, mmetụta nke nje bacteria na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma n'ihe gbasara ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, nke bụ obere mmetụta.

5.Graphene

Ọrụ antibacterial nke ihe graphene gụnyere usoro anọ:

(1).Usoro ikupu anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ “nano mma”;

(2).Nbibi nje / membrane nke nrụgide oxidative kpatara;

(3).Transmembrane njem ngọngọ na / ma ọ bụ nje na-eto eto na-akpata site na mkpuchi;

(4).Akpụkpọ ahụ cell anaghị eguzosi ike site na ntinye na ibibi ihe mkpuchi cell.

Dị ka kọntaktị dị iche iche nke graphene ihe na nje bacteria, ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu ọtụtụ usoro synergistically na-eme ka mbibi zuru ezu nke cell membranes (bactericidal mmetụta) na-egbochi uto nke nje bacteria (bacteriostatic mmetụta).