Gold is one of the most chemically stable elements, and nanoscale gold particles have special physical and chemical properties. As early as 1857, Faraday reduced the AuCl4-water solution with phosphorus to obtain a deep red colloidal solution of gold nanoppowders, which broke people’s understanding of the color of gold. Nano gold particles have also been found to have fluorescence, supramolecular and molecular recognition properties. It is precisely because of the special properties of nano gold powders that they have extremely broad application prospects in the fields of biosensors, photochemical and electrochemical catalysis, and optoelectronic devices. In recent years, based on the nature of the red-shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak of Au nanoparticles after adsorption, the DNA and carbohydrate molecules loaded with nano Au particles have been studied and found to be useful in the fields of immunity, calibration and tracer. 

Gold nanoparticles as a type of nanoparticles, are widely attracted due to their stability, homogeneity and biocompatibility. The surface plasmon resonance properties and aggregation of gold nano particles, as well as their dependence on the external environment, make them widely used in colorimetric identification. The reported forces for the aggregation of Au nano particles include hydrogen bonding, ionic ligand site interaction, metal coordination, and host-guest inclusion. Using sodium citrate as a stabilizer, sodium citrate-modified gold nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and used as colorimetric probes. The surface of the nano gold probe is negatively charged and can be easily combined with positively charged target molecules through electrostatic interaction. In the BR buffer solution at pH 4.6, propranolol is positively charged due to protonation, so it can be combined with gold nanoparticles, resulting in a change in the color of the system, so as to establish a simple colorimetric identification method for propranolol . At the same time, with the aggregation of gold nano powders, the RRS intensity of the system will also increase, so the RRS method with a simple fluorescence spectrophotometer as the detector is also established to sensitively detect propranolol. Based on sodium citrate-modified gold nan oparticles, colorimetric and RRS methods for the determination of propranolol were established.

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