Chiyambi cha Carbon nanomaterials

Kwa nthawi yaitali, anthu amadziwa kuti pali atatu carbon allotropes: diamondi, graphite ndi carbon amorphous.Komabe, m'zaka makumi atatu zapitazi, kuchokera ku zero-dimensional fullerenes, dimensional carbon nanotubes, mpaka ma graphene awiri-dimensional akhala akupezeka mosalekeza, carbon nanomaterials zatsopano zikupitiriza kukopa chidwi cha dziko.Mpweya wa carbon nanomaterials ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nanoscale contraindication pa malo awo: zero-dimensional, one-dimensional and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials.
0-dimensional nanomaterials amatchula zinthu zomwe zili mu sikelo ya nanometer mu danga la mbali zitatu, monga ma nano-particles, magulu a atomiki ndi madontho a quantum.Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi ma atomu ochepa ndi mamolekyu.Pali zinthu zambiri za zero-dimensional carbon nano-matadium, monga carbon black, nano-diamond, nano-fullerene C60, tinthu tating'ono tomwe timakutidwa ndi carbon nano-metal.

Mwamsanga pameneC60atapezeka, akatswiri a zamankhwala anayamba kufufuza kuthekera kwa ntchito yawo pa chothandizira.Pakalipano, fullerenes ndi zotumphukira zawo m'munda wa zida zothandizira makamaka zimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu izi:

(1) fullerenes mwachindunji monga chothandizira;

(2) fullerenes ndi zotumphukira zawo monga chothandizira homogeneous;

(3) Kugwiritsa ntchito Fullerenes ndi Zotuluka Zawo mu Heterogeneous Catalysts.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mpweya wa carbon ndi mtundu watsopano wa zero-dimensional nano-carbon-metal composite.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chipolopolo cha kaboni ndi chitetezo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kutsekeredwa m'malo ang'onoang'ono ndipo ma nanoparticles achitsulo omwe amakutidwa m'menemo akhoza kukhalapo mokhazikika chifukwa cha chilengedwe chakunja.Mtundu watsopano wa zero-dimensional carbon-metal nanomaterials uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera a optoelectronic ndipo uli ndi ntchito zambiri zachipatala, zipangizo zojambulira maginito, zipangizo zotetezera magetsi, lithiamu batire electrode materials ndi catalytic materials.

Mbali imodzi ya carbon nanomaterials imatanthawuza kuti ma elekitironi amayenda momasuka munjira imodzi yokha yopanda nanoscale ndipo kuyenda kwake kumakhala kozungulira.Zomwe zimayimilira zamtundu umodzi wa carbon ndi carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers ndi zina zotero.Kusiyanitsa pakati pa awiriwo kungakhale zochokera m'mimba mwake wa zinthu kusiyanitsa, angathenso zochokera mlingo wa graphitization wa zinthu kufotokozedwa.Malinga ndi m'mimba mwake za zinthu zikutanthauza kuti: m'mimba mwake D m'munsimu 50nm, mkati dzenje dongosolo nthawi amatchedwa mpweya nanotubes, ndi m'mimba mwake mu osiyanasiyana 50-200nm, makamaka ndi Mipikisano wosanjikiza graphite pepala lopiringizika, ndi Palibe zowoneka bwino za Hollow zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa carbon nanofibers.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa graphitization ya zinthu, tanthauzo limatanthawuza graphitization ndi bwino, orientation wagraphitepepala oriented kufanana ndi chubu olamulira amatchedwa mpweya nanotubes, pamene digiri ya graphitization ndi otsika kapena palibe graphitization dongosolo , Makonzedwe a mapepala graphite ndi disorganized, zinthu ndi kapangidwe dzenje pakati ndipo ngakhalema nanotube okhala ndi mipanda yambirionse amagawidwa kukhala carbon nanofibers.Inde, kusiyana pakati pa carbon nanotubes ndi carbon nanofibers sikuwonekera m'mabuku osiyanasiyana.

M'malingaliro athu, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa graphitization ya carbon nanomaterials, timasiyanitsa pakati pa ma carbon nanotubes ndi carbon nanofibers kutengera kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa dzenje.Ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe amodzi amtundu wa carbon nanomaterials omwe amafotokoza za dzenje ndi ma carbon nanotubes omwe alibe dzenje kapena mawonekedwe a dzenje siwodziwikiratu kuti ali ndi mbali imodzi ya carbon nanomaterials carbon nanofibers.
Awiri dimensional carbon nanomaterials: Graphene ndi nthumwi awiri azithunzithunzi carbon nanomaterials.Zida ziwiri zogwira ntchito zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi graphene zakhala zotentha kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.Nyenyezi iyi ikuwonetsa zodabwitsa zapadera zamakanika, magetsi, kutentha ndi maginito.Mwamapangidwe, graphene ndiye gawo loyambira lomwe limapanga zida zina za kaboni: imapindika mpaka zero-dimensional fullerenes, ma curls kukhala ma nanotube amtundu umodzi, ndikuyika ma graphite amitundu itatu.
Mwachidule, ma carbon nanomaterials nthawi zonse yakhala nkhani yotentha kwambiri mu kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi ukadaulo ndipo yapita patsogolo pakufufuza.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera komanso zinthu zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, ma carbon nanomaterials amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida za batri ya lithiamu-ion, zida za optoelectronic , zonyamulira za Catalyst, masensa amadzimadzi ndi achilengedwe, zida zosungira ma hydrogen ndi zida za supercapacitor ndi zina zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa.

China Hongwu yaying'ono-Nano Technology Co., Ltd - wotsogola wa mafakitale a nano-carbon zipangizo, ndi woyamba m'banja wopanga mpweya nanotubes ndi zipangizo nano-carbon zipangizo kupanga mafakitale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dziko kutsogolera khalidwe, kupanga nano- zinthu za carbon zatumizidwa ku Padziko lonse lapansi, kuyankha kuli bwino.Kutengera njira chitukuko cha dziko ndi kasamalidwe modular, Hongwu Nano kutsatira msika-zokonda, luso loyendetsedwa, kukwaniritsa zofuna zololeka makasitomala monga ntchito yake, ndi kuyesetsa unremitting kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya makampani opanga China.