Pakadali pano, zida zamtengo wapatali za nano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi m'mafakitale onse, ndipo zitsulo zamtengo wapatalizi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopangidwa mozama.Zomwe zimatchedwa kuzama kwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimatanthawuza njira yosinthira mawonekedwe akuthupi kapena mankhwala azitsulo zamtengo wapatali kapena mankhwala kudzera m'machitidwe opangira zinthu kuti akhale zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kwambiri.Tsopano kudzera mu kuphatikiza ndi nanotechnology, kukula kwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali zakuya zakulitsidwa, ndipo zinthu zambiri zatsopano zopangira zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zakhazikitsidwa.

Zida zachitsulo zamtengo wapatali za Nano zimaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yachitsulo chosavuta komanso chophatikizika cha nanopowder, chitsulo cholemekezeka chatsopano macromolecular nanomaterials ndi zida zapamwamba zachitsulo.Pakati pawo, zida zoyambira ndi zapawiri za nano ufa zazitsulo zolemekezeka zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: zothandizidwa ndi zosagwirizana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zama nanomatadium pamakampani.

1. Zida za nanopowder zazitsulo zolemekezeka ndi mankhwala

1.1.Ufa wosathandizidwa

Pali mitundu iwiri ya nanopowders ya zitsulo zolemekezeka monga siliva (Ag), golide (Au), palladium (Pd) ndi platinamu (Pt), ndi nanoparticles wazitsulo zabwino kwambiri monga siliva oxide.Chifukwa champhamvu padziko mogwirizana mphamvu ya nanoparticles, n'zosavuta agglomerate pakati nanoparticles.Nthawi zambiri, wothandizira wina woteteza (ndi dispersing effect) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono panthawi yokonzekera kapena pambuyo popeza ufa.

Ntchito:

Pakadali pano, ma nanoparticles amtengo wapatali osathandizidwa omwe akhala akuchulukirachulukira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani makamaka amaphatikiza ufa wa siliva, nano golide ufa, nano platinamu ufa ndi nano siliva oxide.Nano golide tinthu ngati utoto wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu galasi Venetian ndi magalasi opaka, ndi yopyapyala okhala nano siliva ufa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza odwala kuwotcha.Pakalipano, ufa wa siliva wa nano ukhoza m'malo mwa ufa wochuluka kwambiri wa siliva mu phala loyendetsa, lomwe lingathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa siliva ndikuchepetsa ndalama;pamene tinthu tazitsulo ta nano timagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto mu utoto, zokutira zowala kwambiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera pamagalimoto apamwamba ndi zokongoletsa zina zapamwamba.Ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, slurry yopangidwa ndi colloid yamtengo wapatali yachitsulo imakhala ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba chamtengo wapatali ndi khalidwe lokhazikika la mankhwala, ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mbadwo watsopano wa zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, colloid yachitsulo yamtengo wapatali yokha ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji pakupanga makina amagetsi ndi zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi, monga ma colloids amtengo wapatali a Pd akhoza kupangidwa kukhala madzi a tona pakupanga magetsi ozungulira ndi golide wopangidwa ndi manja.

1.2.Anathandiza ufa

Zida zothandizidwa ndi nano zazitsulo zolemekezeka nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza zophatikizika zomwe zimapezedwa pokweza ma nanoparticles azitsulo zolemekezeka ndi zopangira zake pachonyamulira cha porous, ndipo anthu ena amaziyikanso ngati zida zachitsulo zolemekezeka.Ili ndi zabwino ziwiri zazikulu:

① Nano ufa zida za omwazika kwambiri ndi yunifolomu apamwamba zitsulo ndi mankhwala akhoza analandira, amene angathe kuteteza agglomeration wa wolemekezeka zitsulo nanoparticles;

②Kupanga ndi kosavuta kuposa mtundu wosathandizidwa, ndipo zizindikiro zaukadaulo ndizosavuta kuziwongolera.

Zothandizira zitsulo zodziwika bwino zomwe zapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani zimaphatikizapo Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh ndi alloy nanoparticles opangidwa pakati pawo ndi zitsulo zina zoyambira.

Ntchito:

Panopa amapereka wolemekezeka zitsulo nanomaterials zimagwiritsa ntchito monga chothandizira.Chifukwa chaching'ono ndi malo akuluakulu enieni a zitsulo zolemekezeka za nanoparticles, chikhalidwe chogwirizanitsa ndi mgwirizano wa maatomu apamwamba ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe ali mu maatomu amkati, kotero kuti malo ogwira ntchito pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachitsulo amawonjezeka kwambiri. , ndipo ali ndi mikhalidwe yoyambira ngati zolimbikitsa.Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikika kwapadera kwamankhwala azitsulo zamtengo wapatali kumawapangitsa kukhala ndi kukhazikika kwapadera kothandizira, ntchito yothandizira komanso kusinthika pambuyo popangidwa kukhala zopangira.

Pakalipano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo zamtengo wapatali zamtengo wapatali za nano-scale zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga mankhwala apangidwa.Mwachitsanzo, colloidal Pt chothandizira chothandizira pa zeolite-1 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza alkanes kukhala mafuta, colloidal Ru yothandizidwa pa carbon ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ammonia synthesis, Pt100 -xAux colloids ingagwiritsidwe ntchito n-butane hydrogenolysis ndi isomerization.Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali (makamaka Pt) monga chothandizira zimathandizanso kwambiri pakugulitsa mafuta amafuta: chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri ya 1-10 nm Pt tinthu tating'onoting'ono, nano-scale Pt imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zopangira mafuta, osati chothandizira chokha. ntchito.Zimapangidwa bwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kumatha kuchepetsedwa, kotero kuti mtengo wokonzekera ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali za nano-scale zidzathandizanso kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu ya haidrojeni.Kugwiritsa ntchito nano-mlingo wolemekezeka zitsulo zothandizira kugawa madzi kuti apange haidrojeni ndi njira ya chitukuko cha nanomaterials wolemekezeka zitsulo.Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito ma nanomatadium olemekezeka kuti apangitse kupanga haidrojeni.Mwachitsanzo, colloidal Ir ndi chothandizira chothandizira kuchepetsa madzi kuti apange haidrojeni.

2. Magulu atsopano azitsulo zolemekezeka

Pogwiritsa ntchito Schiffrin reaction, Au, Ag ndi ma alloys awo otetezedwa ndi alkyl thiol amatha kukonzekera, monga Au/Ag, Au/Cu, Au/Ag/Cu, Au/Pt, Au/Pd ndi magulu a atomiki a Au/Ag/ Cu/Pd etc. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha cluster complex ndi chimodzi kwambiri ndipo chikhoza kukwaniritsa chiyero cha "molecular".Chikhalidwe chokhazikika chimawalola kuti asungunuke mobwerezabwereza ndikuwotchedwa ngati mamolekyu wamba popanda agglomeration, komanso amatha kukumana ndi zochitika monga kusinthana, kugwirizana ndi polymerization, ndikupanga makhiristo okhala ndi masango a atomiki ngati mayunitsi apangidwe.Choncho, magulu a atomiki amenewa amatchedwa monolayer protected cluster molekyulu (MPC).

Ntchito: Zapezeka kuti ma nanoparticles a golide okhala ndi kukula kwa 3-40 nm angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakudetsa mkati mwa maselo ndikuwongolera kuwunikira kwamkati kwa maselo, komwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza kwa biology yama cell.

3. Zamtengo wapatali filimu zitsulo

Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimakhala ndi mankhwala okhazikika ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuti zigwirizane ndi malo ozungulira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokutira pamwamba ndi mafilimu a porous.Kuphatikiza pa zokutira zodzikongoletsera, m'zaka zaposachedwa, magalasi opangidwa ndi golide adawonekera ngati chinsalu cha khoma kuti awonetse kutentha kwa kutentha ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Mwachitsanzo, nyumba ya Royal Bank of Canada Building ku Toronto yaika magalasi onyezimira opangidwa ndi golidi, pogwiritsa ntchito golide wolemera makilogalamu 77.77.

Hongwu Nano ndi katswiri wopanga nano zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimatha kupereka tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tachitsulo, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali za oxide nanoparticles, zipolopolo-core nanoparticles zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi dispersion zake m'magulu.Takulandirani kuti mutiuze kuti mudziwe zambiri!