Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakono, mavuto amagetsi amagetsi (EMI) ndi ma electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mafunde amagetsi akuchulukirachulukira.Sikuti zimangoyambitsa kusokoneza ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida zamagetsi ndi zida, zimakhudza ntchito yawo yanthawi zonse, ndikuletsa kwambiri mpikisano wapadziko lonse wadziko lathu pazamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi, komanso kuipitsa chilengedwe ndikuyika thanzi la anthu pachiwopsezo;Kuphatikiza apo, kutayikira kwa mafunde a electromagnetic kudzayikanso pachiwopsezo chitetezo chazidziwitso chadziko komanso chitetezo cha zinsinsi zazikulu zankhondo.Makamaka, zida za electromagnetic pulse, zomwe ndi zida zatsopano, zakhala zikuyenda bwino, zomwe zimatha kuukira mwachindunji zida zamagetsi, makina amagetsi, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kwakanthawi kapena kuwonongeka kosatha kwamakina azidziwitso, ndi zina zambiri.

Chifukwa chake, kuyang'ana zida zodzitchinjiriza zoteteza ma elekitiroma kuti mupewe kusokonezedwa kwa ma elekitiroma komanso zovuta zofananira ndi mafunde amagetsi kumapangitsa chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zinthu zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi, kupewa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha njira zoyankhulirana ndi maukonde. , machitidwe opatsirana, zida za zida, ndi zina zotero ndizofunika kwambiri.

1. Mfundo yachitetezo chamagetsi (EMI)

Electromagnetic shielding ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zotchingira kuti zitseke kapena kulepheretsa kufalikira kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa malo otetezedwa ndi dziko lakunja.Mfundo yachitetezo chamagetsi ndikugwiritsa ntchito thupi lotchinga kuti liwonetsere, kuyamwa ndi kuwongolera kuyenda kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, komwe kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi zolipiritsa, mafunde ndi polarization zomwe zimapangidwira pamwamba pachitetezo komanso mkati mwa thupi lotchinga.Kutchinga kumagawidwa muchitetezo chamagetsi (electrostatic shielding and alternating electric field shielding), maginito achitetezo (otsika-frequency magnetic field and high-frequency magnetic field shielding) ndi electromagnetic field shielding (electromagnetic wave shielding) malinga ndi mfundo yake.Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo chamagetsi chimatanthawuza chomaliza, ndiye kuti, kuteteza mphamvu zamagetsi ndi maginito nthawi yomweyo.

2. Electromagnetic shielding material

Pakadali pano, zokutira zotchingira zamagetsi zophatikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Zolemba zawo zazikulu ndi utomoni wopanga filimu, zodzaza ma conductive, diluent, coupling agent ndi zina zowonjezera.Conductive filler ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri.Wamba ndi siliva (Ag) ufa ndi mkuwa (Cu) ufa., faifi tambala (Ni) ufa, siliva TACHIMATA ufa wamkuwa, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nano ATO, etc.

2.1Mpweya wa carbon nanotubes(CNTs)

Ma carbon nanotubes ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, magetsi abwino kwambiri, maginito, ndipo awonetsa ntchito yabwino kwambiri pakuwongolera, kuyamwa ndi kutchingira.Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku ndi kakulidwe ka ma carbon nanotubes ngati ma conductive fillers a zokutira zotchingira ma electromagnetic kwakhala kotchuka kwambiri.Izi zimayika zofunikira kwambiri pa chiyero, zokolola, ndi mtengo wa carbon nanotubes.Ma carbon nanotubes opangidwa ndi Hongwu Nano, kuphatikiza okhala ndi khoma limodzi komanso okhala ndi mipanda yambiri, amakhala ndi chiyero mpaka 99%.Kaya ma carbon nanotubes amwazikana mu utomoni wa matrix komanso ngati ali ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi utomoni wa matrix amakhala chinthu chachindunji chomwe chimakhudza momwe chitetezo chimagwirira ntchito.Hongwu Nano imaperekanso njira yobalalitsira mpweya wa nanotube.

2.2 Flake silver powder yokhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa

Chophimba choyambirira chomwe chidasindikizidwa chinali patent yomwe idatulutsidwa ndi United States mu 1948 yomwe idapanga siliva ndi epoxy resin kukhala zomatira.Utoto wotchinga ndi ma elekitiroma wokonzedwa ndi ufa wa siliva wopangidwa ndi Hongwu Nano uli ndi mawonekedwe otsika, ma conductivity abwino, chitetezo chokwanira, kulolerana kwamphamvu kwa chilengedwe, komanso zomangamanga zosavuta.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizirana, zamagetsi, zamankhwala, zakuthambo, zida zanyukiliya ndi zina.Utoto wotchinga ndiwoyeneranso zokutira pamwamba pa ABS, PC, ABS-PCPS ndi mapulasitiki ena aumisiri.Zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito kuphatikiza kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika, chinyezi ndi kukana kutentha, kumamatira, kukana kwamagetsi, kuyanjana kwamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri.

2.3 ufa wa mkuwa ndi faifi tambala

Utoto wa Copper powder conductive uli ndi mtengo wotsika ndipo ndi wosavuta kupenta, ulinso ndi chitetezo chabwino chamagetsi, motero umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Ndikoyenera kwambiri kusokoneza kwa anti-electromagnetic wave pazinthu zamagetsi ndi mapulasitiki a engineering ngati chipolopolo, chifukwa utoto wa copper powder conductive ukhoza kupopera kapena kupukutidwa mosavuta.Mapulasitiki amitundu yosiyanasiyana amapangidwa zitsulo kuti apange chosanjikiza chotchinga chamagetsi, kuti pulasitikiyo ikwaniritse cholinga choteteza mafunde a electromagnetic.The morphology ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wamkuwa zimakhudza kwambiri ma conductivity a zokutira.Ufa wa Copper uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, dendritic, ndi mawonekedwe ngati flake.Mawonekedwe a flake ali ndi malo olumikizana okulirapo kuposa mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo amawonetsa kuwongolera bwino.Kuonjezera apo, ufa wamkuwa (ufa wa siliva wokutidwa ndi siliva) umakutidwa ndi ufa wachitsulo wosagwira ntchito, womwe suli wosavuta kutulutsa oxidize, ndipo siliva nthawi zambiri ndi 5-30%.Copper ufa conductive ❖ kuyanika ntchito kuthetsa electromagnetic chitetezo cha ABS, PPO, PS ndi mapulasitiki uinjiniya ndi nkhuni Ndipo madutsidwe magetsi, ali osiyanasiyana ntchito ndi kulimbikitsa mtengo.

Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za kuyeza kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya nano faifi ya faifi ndi zokutira zotchingira zamagetsi zosakanikirana ndi nano ndi micron faifi tambala zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera kwa nano Ni tinthu kumatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, koma kumatha kukulitsa kuyamwa.Kuwonongeka kwa maginito kumachepetsedwa, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, zida ndi thanzi la anthu chifukwa cha mafunde amagetsi.

2.4 Nano Tin Antimony Oxide (ATO)

Nano ATO ufa, ngati chodzaza chapadera, chimakhala ndi zowonekera bwino komanso zowoneka bwino, komanso magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana pazida zowonetsera, zokutira za antistatic, komanso zokutira zowoneka bwino zamafuta.Mwa zida zowonetsera zowonetsera zida za optoelectronic, zida za nano ATO zili ndi anti-static, anti-glare ndi anti-radiation, ndipo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ngati zowonetsera zotchingira zotchinga zamagetsi.Zida zokutira za ATO nano zili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amtundu wopepuka, mphamvu zamagetsi zamakina, mphamvu zamakina ndi kukhazikika, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo powonetsa zida ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamafakitale za zida za ATO pakadali pano.Zipangizo za Electrochromic (monga zowonetsera kapena mawindo anzeru) pakali pano ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito nano-ATO pagawo lowonetsera.

2.5 Graphene

Monga mtundu watsopano wa zinthu za kaboni, graphene imatha kukhala mtundu watsopano wamagetsi otchingira ma elekitirodi kapena ma microwave otengera zinthu kuposa ma nanotubes a carbon.Zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi:

①Graphene ndi hexagonal lathyathyathya filimu yopangidwa ndi maatomu a carbon, zinthu ziwiri-dimensional ndi makulidwe a atomu imodzi yokha ya carbon;

②Graphene ndiye wocheperako komanso wovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi;

③The matenthedwe conductivity ndi apamwamba kuposa mpweya nanotubes ndi diamondi, kufika pafupifupi 5 300W/m•K;

④Graphene ndiye chinthu chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, 10-6Ω•cm yokha;

⑤Kusuntha kwa ma elekitironi kwa graphene kutentha kwachipinda kumakhala kopitilira muyeso wa carbon nanotubes kapena silicon crystals, kupitilira 15 000 cm2/V•s.Poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe, graphene imatha kudutsa malire apachiyambi ndikukhala cholumikizira chatsopano kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira pakuyamwa.Zida zamafunde zimakhala ndi zofunikira za "zoonda, zopepuka, zazikulu ndi zamphamvu".

Kuwongolera kwa chitetezo chamagetsi ndi magwiridwe antchito amatengera zomwe zimatengera zomwe zimayamwa, magwiridwe antchito a chotengera komanso kufananiza kwabwino kwa gawo lapansi loyamwa.Graphene sikuti imakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amakina ndi ma elekitiroma, komanso imakhala ndi mayamwidwe abwino a microwave.Pambuyo pophatikizana ndi maginito nanoparticles, mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zomwe zimayamwa zimatha kupezeka, zomwe zimakhala ndi maginito ndi magetsi.Ndipo ili ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito bwino pachitetezo chamagetsi ndi mayamwidwe a microwave.

Pazida zomwe zili pamwambazi zotchinjiriza ma elekitirodi ndi nano ufa, zonse zimapezeka ndi Hongwu Nano zokhazikika komanso zabwino.