M'zaka zaposachedwa, kulowa ndi kukhudzidwa kwa nanotechnology pazamankhwala, bioengineering ndi pharmacy zawonekera.Nanotechnology ili ndi mwayi wosasinthika m'mafakitale, makamaka pankhani yoperekera mankhwala omwe akuwunikiridwa komanso komweko, kuperekera mankhwala mucosal, chithandizo cha majini komanso kutulutsidwa kwa protein ndi polypeptide.

Mankhwala ochiritsira amagawidwa m'thupi lonse pambuyo pa jekeseni wa mtsempha, m'kamwa kapena m'deralo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amafika kumalo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la mlingo, komanso kugawidwa kwa mankhwala ambiri m'madera omwe si omwe amawafuna. osati alibe zotsatira zochiritsira, zidzabweretsanso zotsatira zoopsa.Chifukwa chake, kupanga mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala kwakhala chitsogozo cha chitukuko cha mankhwala amakono, ndipo kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi njira yobweretsera mankhwala osokoneza bongo (TDDS) yakhala malo otentha kwambiri pakufufuza zamankhwala.

Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala osavuta, onyamula mankhwala a nano amatha kuzindikira chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe akuchifuna.Kupereka mankhwala omwe akuyembekezeredwa kumatanthawuza njira yoperekera mankhwala yomwe imathandiza onyamula, ma ligand kapena ma antibodies kuti azitha kusankha mankhwala kuti ayang'ane minofu, ziwalo zomwe zikuyang'aniridwa, maselo omwe akuyang'ana kapena ma intracellular structures kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe kameneko kapena kayendedwe ka magazi.Pansi pa machitidwe a chitsogozo chapadera, wothandizira mankhwala a nano amapereka mankhwalawa kumalo enaake ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zochiritsira.Ikhoza kukwaniritsa mankhwala othandiza omwe ali ndi mlingo wochepa, zotsatira zochepa, zotsatira zokhazikika za mankhwala, high bioavailability, ndi kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa ndende zotsatira pa zolinga.

Kukonzekera akulimbana makamaka chonyamulira kukonzekera, amene makamaka ntchito ultrafine particles, amene akhoza kusankha kusonkhanitsa tinthu dispersions mu chiwindi, ndulu, zamitsempha ndi mbali zina chifukwa cha thupi ndi zokhudza thupi zotsatira mu thupi.TDDS imatanthawuza mtundu watsopano wa njira yoperekera mankhwala yomwe imatha kukhazikika ndikuyika mankhwala m'matenda, ziwalo, ma cell kapena ma intra cell kudzera m'magazi am'deralo kapena mwadongosolo.

Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala a Nano kumayang'aniridwa.Amatha kuyika mankhwala m'dera lomwe amalipiritsa popanda kukhudzidwa pang'ono ndi ziwalo zomwe sizinali zolunjika.Iwo akhoza kusintha mphamvu ya mankhwala ndi kuchepetsa zokhudza zonse zotsatira.Amatengedwa kuti ndi njira yoyenera kwambiri yonyamula mankhwala oletsa khansa.Pakadali pano, zinthu zina zokonzekereratu za nano zili pamsika, ndipo zokonzekera za nano-zambiri zili mu gawo lofufuzira, zomwe zili ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pochiza chotupa.

Makhalidwe a kukonzekera kwa nano:

⊙ Kulunjika: mankhwalawa amakhazikika m'dera lomwe mukufuna;

⊙ Kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala;

⊙ Kupititsa patsogolo machiritso;

⊙ Chepetsani zotsatira za mankhwala. 

The chandamale zotsatira za akulimbana nano-kukonzekera ali lalikulu malumikizanidwe ndi tinthu kukula kwa kukonzekera.Tinthu tating'ono tochepera 100nm titha kudziunjikira m'mafupa;tinthu tating'ono ting'ono 100-200nm titha kulemeretsedwa m'malo olimba chotupa;pamene 0.2-3um kutengedwa ndi macrophages mu ndulu;Tinthu ting'onoting'ono > 7 μm nthawi zambiri amagwidwa ndi bedi la pulmonary capillary ndikulowa minofu ya m'mapapo kapena alveoli.Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera kosiyanasiyana kwa nano kumawonetsa zotsatira zosiyana zolozera chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa momwe mankhwala alili, monga kukula kwa tinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa pamwamba. 

Zonyamulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nsanja za nano-platform zowunikira komanso chithandizo chamankhwala makamaka zimaphatikizapo:

(1) Zonyamula lipid, monga liposome nanoparticles;

(2) zonyamulira polima, monga polima dendrimers, micelles, polima vesicles, chipika copolymers, mapuloteni nano particles;

(3) Zonyamula Inorganic, monga nano silicon-based particles, carbon-based nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and up-conversion nanomaterials, etc..

Mfundo zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimatsatiridwa posankha zonyamula nano:

(1) Kuchulukirachulukira kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mawonekedwe omasulidwa owongolera;

(2) Kawopsedwe wochepa wachilengedwe komanso wopanda chitetezo cham'thupi;

(3) Ili ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa colloidal ndi kukhazikika kwa thupi;

(4) Kukonzekera kosavuta, kupanga zosavuta zazikulu, ndi zotsika mtengo 

Nano Gold Targeted Therapy

Golide (Au) nanoparticlesali ndi mphamvu zowunikira komanso zowoneka bwino, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakuwunikira ma radiotherapy.Kupyolera mu kapangidwe kabwino, tinthu tating'ono ta golide ta nano titha kudziunjikira bwino mu minofu yotupa.Ma nanoparticles a Au nanoparticles amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya radiation m'derali, komanso amatha kusintha mphamvu yowunikira kuti ikhale kutentha kupha ma cell a khansa m'derali.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mankhwala omwe ali pamwamba pa nano Au particles angathenso kumasulidwa m'deralo, kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo chamankhwala. 

Nanoparticles amathanso kuyang'aniridwa mwakuthupi.Nanopowder amakonzedwa ndikukulunga mankhwala ndi zinthu za ferromagnetic, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito mu vitro kutsogolera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi maginito, monga Fe₂O₃, aphunziridwa mwa kulumikiza mitoxantrone ndi dextran ndiyeno kuwakulunga ndi Fe₂O₃ kukonzekera nanoparticles.Kuyesera kwa pharmacokinetic kunachitika mu mbewa.Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti ma nanoparticles omwe amawongoleredwa ndi maginito amatha kufika mwachangu ndikukhala pamalo otupa, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi maginito pamalo otupa ndi apamwamba kuposa omwe amakhala m'matumbo ndi magazi.

Fe₃O₄zatsimikiziridwa kukhala zopanda poizoni ndi biocompatible.Kutengera mawonekedwe apadera a thupi, mankhwala, matenthedwe ndi maginito, ma superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachilengedwe, monga kulemba ma cell, chandamale komanso ngati chida chofufuzira zama cell ecology, chithandizo cha cell monga kupatukana kwa ma cell. ndi kuyeretsedwa;kukonza minofu;kutumiza mankhwala;nyukiliya magnetic resonance kujambula;hyperthermia mankhwala a khansa maselo, etc.

Mpweya nanotubes (CNTs)ndi wapadera dzenje dongosolo ndi diameters mkati ndi kunja, amene akhoza kupanga kwambiri selo malowedwe mphamvu ndi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nanocarriers mankhwala.Kuphatikiza apo, ma carbon nanotubes amakhalanso ndi ntchito yowunikira zotupa ndipo amagwira ntchito yabwino pakuyika chizindikiro.Mwachitsanzo, ma carbon nanotubes amagwira ntchito poteteza tiziwalo timene timatulutsa parathyroid pa opaleshoni ya chithokomiro.Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha ma lymph nodes panthawi ya opaleshoni, ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito yamankhwala ochepetsa pang'onopang'ono a chemotherapy, omwe amapereka chiyembekezo chachikulu chopewera komanso kuchiza metastasis ya khansa ya colorectal.

Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology pazamankhwala ndi zamankhwala kuli ndi chiyembekezo chowala, ndipo kudzachititsa kusintha kwaukadaulo kwatsopano pazamankhwala ndi zamankhwala, kuti apereke zopereka zatsopano pakuwongolera thanzi laumunthu ndi khalidwe la anthu. moyo.