Carbone nanomateriali Intangiriro

Igihe kinini, abantu bazi gusa ko hariho allotropes eshatu za karubone: diyama, grafite na karubone ya amorphous.Nyamara, mu myaka mirongo itatu ishize, uhereye kuri zeru-zuzuye za fullerène, nanotubes imwe ya karubone imwe, kugeza kuri graphene-ebyiri zavumbuwe buri gihe, nanomateriali nshya ya karubone ikomeje gukurura isi.Carbone nanomaterialies irashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bitatu ukurikije urugero rwa nanoscale inzitizi ku bipimo byazo: zeru-zeru, imwe-imwe na karubone ebyiri.
0-ibipimo bya nanomateriali bivuga ibikoresho biri mubipimo bya nanometero mumwanya wibice bitatu, nka nano-buke, cluster ya atome nuduce twa kwant.Mubisanzwe bigizwe numubare muto wa atome na molekile.Hano hari ibikoresho byinshi bya zeru-karubone nano-ibikoresho, nka karubone yumukara, nano-diyama, nano-fullerene C60, ibice bya karubone bitwikiriye nano-byuma.

Mugihe gitoC60byavumbuwe, abahanga mu bya shimi batangiye gushakisha uburyo bashobora kubishyira mubikorwa.Kugeza ubu, fullerène n'ibiyikomokaho mubijyanye nibikoresho bya catalitiki birimo ibintu bitatu bikurikira:

(1) fullerène mu buryo butaziguye nk'umusemburo;

(2) fullerène n'ibiyikomokaho nk'umusemburo umwe;

(3) Gushyira mu bikorwa Fullerenes n'ibiyikomokaho muri Catalizike ya Heterogeneous.
Carbo-yometse kuri nano-ibyuma ni ubwoko bushya bwa zeru-nano-karubone-icyuma.Bitewe no kugabanya igishishwa cya karubone n'ingaruka zo gukingira, ibice by'icyuma birashobora gufungirwa mu mwanya muto kandi ibyuma bya nanoparticles byashyizwemo birashobora kubaho neza bitewe n’ibidukikije.Ubu bwoko bushya bwa zeru-ibipimo bya karubone-ibyuma bya nanomateriali bifite imiterere yihariye ya optoelectronic kandi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mubikoresho byubuvuzi, ibyuma bifata amajwi, ibikoresho byo gukingira amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya electrode ya lithium nibikoresho bya catalitiki.

Ikintu kimwe cya karubone nanomateriali bivuze ko electron zigenda zidegembya muburyo bumwe gusa butari nanoscale kandi icyerekezo ni umurongo.Abahagarariye bisanzwe ibikoresho bya karubone ni karubone nanotubes, carbone nanofibers nibindi nkibyo.Itandukaniro riri hagati yibi byombi rishobora gushingira kumurambararo wibikoresho byo gutandukanya, birashobora kandi gushingira kurwego rwo gushushanya ibintu bigomba gusobanurwa.Ukurikije umurambararo wibikoresho bivuze ko: diameter D iri munsi ya 50nm, imiterere yimbere yimbere ikunze kwitwa carbone nanotubes, na diametre iri hagati ya 50-200nm, cyane cyane nurupapuro rwinshi rwa grafite ya grafite yagoramye, hamwe nta bikoresho bigaragara bya Hollow bikunze kwitwa karubone nanofibers.

Ukurikije urwego rwo gushushanya ibintu, ibisobanuro bivuga gushushanya ni byiza, icyerekezo cyaigishushanyourupapuro rwerekejweho na tube axis rwitwa carbone nanotubes, mugihe urwego rwo gushushanya ruri hasi cyangwa ntamiterere ya grafite, Imiterere yimpapuro zishushanyije ntizitunganijwe neza, ibikoresho bifite imiterere yubusa hagati ndetse nauruzitiro rwinshi rwa karubone nanotubesbyose bigabanijwemo karubone nanofibers.Birumvikana ko itandukaniro riri hagati ya carbone nanotubes na carbone nanofibers ntabwo bigaragara mubyangombwa bitandukanye.

Nkuko tubibona, tutitaye ku ntera yo gushushanya ibinyabuzima bya karubone, dutandukanya karubone ya karubone na karubone nanofibers dushingiye ku kubaho cyangwa kutagira imiterere yuzuye.Nukuvuga ko karubone imwe ya carbone nanomateriali isobanura imiterere yubusa ni carbone nanotube idafite imiterere yubusa Cyangwa imiterere yubusa ntabwo igaragara imwe ya karubone nanomateriali ya karubone nanofibers.
Ibice bibiri bya karubone nanomateriali: Graphene ihagarariye ibice bibiri bya karubone nanomaterial.Ibikoresho-byimikorere yibikoresho byerekanwe na graphene byarashyushye cyane mumyaka yashize.Ibikoresho byinyenyeri byerekana ibintu bitangaje mubukanishi, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe na magnetism.Mu buryo bwubaka, graphene nigice cyibanze kigize ibindi bikoresho bya karubone: izunguruka kugeza kuri zeru-zuzuye za fullerène, kuzunguruka muri nanotube imwe ya karubone, hanyuma igashyirwa mubice bitatu bya grafite.
Muri make, carbone nanomateriali yamye ari ingingo ishyushye mubushakashatsi bwa nanoscience nubumenyi bwikoranabuhanga kandi byateye imbere mubushakashatsi.Bitewe n'imiterere yihariye n'imiterere myiza yumubiri nubumashini, carbone nanomaterial ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya batiri ya lithium-ion, ibikoresho bya optoelectronic, abatwara catalizike, ibyuma bya chimique na biologiya, ibikoresho byo kubika hydrogène nibikoresho bya supercapacitor nibindi bintu bireba.

Ubushinwa Hongwu Micro-Nano Technology Co., Ltd - ibanziriza inganda mu nganda zikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya nano-karubone, ni cyo cyambere mu gihugu gikora uruganda rwa karubone n’ibindi bikoresho bya nano-karubone mu nganda no gukoresha ubuziranenge ku isi, umusaruro wa nano- ibikoresho bya karubone byoherejwe ku isi yose, igisubizo ni cyiza.Hashingiwe ku ngamba z’iterambere ry’igihugu no mu micungire y’uburyo, Hongwu Nano yubahiriza isoko, isoko rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, kugira ngo abakiriya babone ibyo basabwa nk’inshingano zayo, kandi bagashyiraho ingufu zidatezuka mu kuzamura ingufu z’inganda zikora inganda mu Bushinwa.