Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho by'agaciro bya nano bikoreshwa mu nganda hafi ya zose, kandi ibyo byuma by'agaciro ni ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe cyane.Ibyo bita gutunganya byimbitse byamabuye y'agaciro bivuga inzira yo guhindura imiterere yumubiri cyangwa imiti yibyuma byagaciro cyangwa ibice binyuze murwego rwo gutunganya ibintu kugirango bibe ibicuruzwa byagaciro byagaciro.Noneho binyuze mu guhuza hamwe na nanotehnologiya, urugero rwo gutunganya ibyuma byimbitse byaguwe, kandi hashyizweho kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi bishya byimbitse.

Ibikoresho by'agaciro bya Nano birimo ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma byoroshye byoroshye nibikoresho bya nanopowder, ibyuma byiza bya macromolecular nanomateriali nibikoresho byiza bya firime.Muri byo, ibikoresho bya nano ifu ya nano yifu yibyuma byiza birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: bushyigikiwe kandi budashyigikiwe, aribwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mubyuma bya nanomateriali mu nganda.

1. Ibikoresho bya Nanopowder byibyuma byiza nibindi

1.1.Ifu idashyigikiwe

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa nanopowders yibyuma byiza nka silver (Ag), zahabu (Au), palladium (Pd) na platine (Pt), hamwe na nanoparticles yibyuma byiza nka oxyde ya silver.Bitewe nimbaraga zikomeye zo guhuza imbaraga za nanoparticles, biroroshye guhuriza hamwe hagati ya nanoparticles.Mubisanzwe, ikintu runaka kirinda (hamwe ningaruka zo gukwirakwiza) gikoreshwa mugutwikira hejuru yibice mugihe cyo kwitegura cyangwa nyuma yo kubona ifu yabonetse.

Gusaba:

Kugeza ubu, ibyuma bya nanoparticles bidashyigikiwe byashyizwe mu nganda kandi bigashyirwa mu nganda ahanini birimo ifu ya silver nano, ifu ya zahabu nano, ifu ya nano platine na oxyde ya nano silver.Igice cya zahabu cya Nano nk'ibara ryakoreshejwe kuva kera mu kirahuri cya Venetiya no mu kirahure cyanduye, kandi gaze irimo ifu ya nano ifu irashobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura abarwayi batwitse.Kugeza ubu, ifu ya nano irashobora gusimbuza ifu ya ultra-nziza nziza muri paste ikora, ishobora kugabanya ifeza no kugabanya ibiciro;iyo nano ibyuma bya nano bikoreshwa nkibara ryirangi, igipfundikizo cyihariye kidasanzwe gikora imodoka nziza nizindi mitako yohejuru.Ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusaba.

Mubyongeyeho, ibishishwa bikozwe mubyuma byagaciro bya colloid bifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyibiciro-byiza hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa bihamye, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere igisekuru gishya cyibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikora neza.Muri icyo gihe, icyuma cyiza cya colloid ubwacyo gishobora no gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu nganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gupakira ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, nk'icyuma cyiza cya Pd colloids gishobora gukorwa mu mazi ya toner yo gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki no gukora zahabu.

1.2.Ifu ishyigikiwe

Ibikoresho bya nano bishyigikiwe nibyuma byiza mubisanzwe bivuga ibice byabonetse mugupakira nanoparticles yibyuma byiza hamwe nibindi bivangavanze kubintu runaka bitwara ibintu, kandi abantu bamwe nabo babishyira mubikorwa byibyuma byiza.Ifite ibyiza bibiri by'ingenzi:

Powers Ibikoresho bya poro bya Nano bitatanye cyane kandi bimwe byicyuma cyiza hamwe nibintu bishobora kuboneka, bishobora gukumira neza igiteranyo cya nanoparticles yicyuma cyiza;

ProcessIbikorwa byo kubyara biroroshye kuruta ubwoko budashyigikiwe, kandi ibipimo bya tekiniki biroroshye kugenzura.

Ifu nziza yicyuma ifashwa yakozwe kandi ikoreshwa muruganda harimo Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh hamwe na nanoparticles ivanze hagati yabo hamwe nibyuma fatizo.

Gusaba:

Kugeza ubu ushyigikiwe nicyuma cyiza nanomateriali ikoreshwa cyane nka catalizator.Bitewe nubunini buto nubuso bunini bwubuso bwa nanoparticles yicyuma cyiza, guhuza leta no guhuza atome yubuso biratandukanye cyane nibiri muri atome yimbere, kuburyo ibibanza bikora hejuru yubutaka bwibyuma byiyongera cyane , kandi bafite ibyingenzi shingiro nkibisubizo.Byongeye kandi, imiterere yihariye yimiti yibyuma byagaciro ituma bagira ituze ryihariye rya catalitiki, ibikorwa bya catalitiki no kuvugurura nyuma yo gukorwa muri catalizator.

Kugeza ubu, hateguwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora neza nano-nini ya metero nini ya catalizator ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti.Kurugero, colloidal Pt catalizator ishyigikiwe na zeolite-1 ikoreshwa muguhindura alkane muri peteroli, colloidal Ru ishyigikiwe na karubone irashobora gukoreshwa muri synthesis ya ammonia, Pt100 -xAux colloids irashobora gukoreshwa kuri n-butane hydrogenolysis na isomerisation.Ibyuma by'igiciro cyinshi (cyane cyane Pt) nanomateriali nka catalizator nabyo bigira uruhare runini mugucuruza ingirabuzimafatizo: kubera imikorere myiza ya catalitiki ya 1-10 nm Pt ibice, nano-nini ya Pt ikoreshwa mugukora catisale ya lisansi, ntabwo ari catalitike gusa imikorere.Itezimbere, kandi umubare wibyuma byagaciro urashobora kugabanuka, kugirango igiciro cyo kwitegura gishobora kugabanuka cyane.

Byongeye kandi, nano-nini y'agaciro y'agaciro nayo izagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ingufu za hydrogène.Gukoresha nano-nini yicyuma cyiza cyane kugirango igabanye amazi kugirango itange hydrogène nicyerekezo cyiterambere ryicyuma cyiza cya nanomaterial.Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha ibyuma byiza bya nanomateriali kugirango uhagarike umusaruro wa hydrogen.Kurugero, colloidal Ir nigikorwa gikomeye cyo kugabanya amazi kubyara hydrogène.

2. Amatsinda mashya yibyuma byiza

Ukoresheje reaction ya Schiffrin, Au, Ag hamwe nuruvange rwabo birinzwe na alkyl thiol birashobora gutegurwa, nka Au / Ag, Au / Cu, Au / Ag / Cu, Au / Pt, Au / Pd hamwe na cluster ya atome ya Au / Ag / Cu / Pd nibindi Umubare munini wibice bya cluster ni umwe cyane kandi urashobora kugera kuri "molekulari".Kamere ihamye ibemerera gushonga inshuro nyinshi no kugwa nka molekile zisanzwe zidafite agglomeration, kandi birashobora no kwitwara nko guhanahana, guhuza hamwe na polymerizasiyo, no gukora kristu hamwe na cluster ya atome nkibice byubaka.Kubwibyo, ayo matsinda ya atome yitwa monolayeri arinzwe ya molekile ikingira (MPC).

Gushyira mu bikorwa: Byagaragaye ko nanoparticles ya zahabu ifite ubunini bwa 3-40 nm ishobora gukoreshwa mu kwanduza ingirabuzimafatizo imbere no kunoza imikurire y’imbere y’ingirabuzimafatizo, ibyo bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu bushakashatsi bw’ibinyabuzima by’akagari.

3. Ibikoresho bya firime by'agaciro

Ibyuma by'agaciro bifite imiterere ihamye ya chimique kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubyitwaramo nibidukikije, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mugukora ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe na firime.Usibye gutwikira muri rusange, mu myaka yashize, ikirahuri cyometseho zahabu cyagaragaye nk'umwenda ukingiriza urukuta kugira ngo ugaragaze imirasire y'ubushyuhe kandi ugabanye gukoresha ingufu.Kurugero, Inyubako ya Banki yumwami ya Kanada i Toronto yashyizeho ikirahuri cyerekana zahabu, ikoresheje kg 77,77.

Hongwu Nano ni uruganda rukora umwuga wo gukora ibyuma bya nano bifite agaciro, bishobora gutanga ibice bya nano byibanze bya nano, ibyuma byitwa oxyde oxyde nanoparticles, shell-core nanoparticles irimo ibyuma byagaciro kandi bikwirakwizwa mubice.Murakaza neza kutwandikira kubindi bisobanuro!