Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya kijyambere-tekinoroji, kwivanga kwa electromagnetic (EMI) hamwe nibibazo bya electromagnetic guhuza (EMC) biterwa numuraba wa electronique bigenda byiyongera.Ntibitera gusa kwivanga no kwangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’ibikoresho, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe, kandi bikabuza cyane igihugu cyacu guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu bicuruzwa n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ndetse binangiza ibidukikije kandi byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu;hiyongereyeho, kumeneka kwa electromagnetique bizanahungabanya umutekano wigihugu ndetse numutekano wibanga rya gisirikare.By'umwihariko, intwaro za electromagnetic pulse, arizo ntwaro-nshya, zagize intambwe nini, zishobora kwibasira ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, sisitemu y’amashanyarazi, nibindi, bigatera kunanirwa byigihe gito cyangwa kwangiza burundu sisitemu yamakuru, nibindi.

Kubwibyo rero, gucukumbura ibikoresho bikingira ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kugirango wirinde kwivanga kwa electromagnetique hamwe n’ibibazo byo guhuza amashanyarazi biterwa n’umuraba wa elegitoroniki bizamura umutekano n’ubwizerwe bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, bizamura irushanwa mpuzamahanga, birinda intwaro za elegitoroniki, kandi bizane umutekano wa sisitemu yo gutumanaho amakuru na sisitemu y'urusobe. , uburyo bwo kohereza, urubuga rwintwaro, nibindi bifite akamaro kanini.

1. Ihame ryo gukingira amashanyarazi (EMI)

Gukingira amashanyarazi ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byo gukingira kugirango uhagarike cyangwa uhuze ikwirakwizwa ryingufu za electromagnetic hagati yakingiwe nisi yo hanze.Ihame ryo gukingira amashanyarazi ni ugukoresha umubiri ukingira kugirango ugaragaze, winjize kandi uyobore ingufu za electromagnetic yingufu, ibyo bikaba bifitanye isano rya bugufi nuburyo bwo kwishyuza, imigezi hamwe na polarisiyasi iterwa hejuru yimiterere yikingira no mumubiri ukingira.Gukingira bigabanijwemo amashanyarazi akingira (gukingira amashanyarazi no guhinduranya amashanyarazi yumuriro), gukingira umurima wa magnetiki (umurima wa magneti muke hamwe na magnetiki yumurima mwinshi) hamwe na electromagnetique ikingira ikingira (gukingira amashanyarazi).Muri rusange, gukingira electromagnetic gukingira bivuga ibya nyuma, ni ukuvuga gukingira amashanyarazi na magneti icyarimwe.

2. Ibikoresho byo gukingira amashanyarazi

Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki ikingira ikoreshwa cyane.Ibihimbano byabo byingenzi ni firime ikora resin, yuzuza ibintu, ikora neza, ihuza hamwe nibindi byongeweho.Kuzuza ibintu ni igice cyingenzi cyacyo.Igisanzwe ni ifu ya silver (Ag) nifu yumuringa (Cu)., Ifu ya nikel (Ni), ifu yumuringa isize ifeza, ifu ya karubone, graphene, nano ATO, nibindi.

2.1Carbone nanotubes(CNT)

Carbone nanotubes ifite igereranyo kinini, amashanyarazi meza, magnetiki, kandi yerekanye imikorere myiza mumashanyarazi, gukurura no gukingira.Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi niterambere rya karubone nanotubes nkuzuza ibintu bya electromagnetic ingabo zo gukingira byamenyekanye cyane.Ibi bitanga ibisabwa cyane kubisukuye, umusaruro, nigiciro cya karubone nanotube.Carbone nanotubes yakozwe na Hongwu Nano, harimo urukuta rumwe kandi rukikijwe cyane, rufite ubuziranenge bugera kuri 99%.Niba carbone nanotubes yatatanye muri matrix resin kandi niba ifitanye isano ryiza na matrix resin iba ikintu kiziguye kigira ingaruka kumikorere yo gukingira.Hongwu Nano kandi itanga igisubizo cya karubone nanotube ikwirakwizwa.

2.2 Fata ifu ya feza hamwe n'ubucucike bugaragara

Ipitingi ya mbere yatangajwe ni ipatanti yatanzwe na Amerika mu 1948 yatumaga ifeza na epoxy bisigara bifata neza.Irangi rya electromagnetic ikingira irangi ryateguwe numupira usya ifu ya feza yakozwe na Hongwu Nano ifite ibiranga ubukana buke, ubwikorezi bwiza, uburyo bwiza bwo gukingira, kwihanganira ibidukikije, no kubaka byoroshye.Bakoreshwa cyane mubitumanaho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ubuvuzi, ikirere, ibikoresho bya kirimbuzi nizindi nzego.Kurinda irangi birakwiriye kandi gutwikirwa hejuru ya ABS, PC, ABS-PCPS nibindi bikoresho bya plastiki.Ibipimo ngenderwaho birimo kwihanganira kwambara, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe buke, ubushuhe nubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, gufatana, kurwanya amashanyarazi, guhuza amashanyarazi, nibindi bishobora kugera kubipimo.

2.3 Ifu yumuringa nifu ya nikel

Irangi ry'umuringa riyobora irangi rifite igiciro gito kandi biroroshye gusiga irangi, rifite n'ingaruka nziza zo gukingira amashanyarazi, bityo rikoreshwa cyane.Irakwiriye cyane cyane kurwanya anti-electromagnetic yivanga ryibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike hamwe na plastiki yubuhanga nkigikonoshwa, kubera ko irangi ryumuringa wumuringa rishobora guterwa cyangwa gusukurwa byoroshye.Ubuso bwa plastike bwuburyo butandukanye bukozwe mubyuma kugirango bikore amashanyarazi yumuriro wa elegitoroniki, kugirango plastike ibashe kugera kuntego yo gukingira umuyaga wa electroniki.Imiterere ya morfologiya nubunini bwifu yumuringa bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwo gutwikira.Ifu yumuringa ifite imiterere, dendritic, na flake imeze.Imiterere ya flake ifite ahantu hanini ho guhurira kuruta imiterere ya serefegitura kandi yerekana neza.Byongeye kandi, ifu yumuringa (ifu yumuringa ikozwe mu ifeza) yometseho ifu ya feza idakora, ntabwo byoroshye okiside, kandi muri rusange ifeza ni 5-30%.Ifu yifu yumuringa ikoreshwa mugukemura amashanyarazi ya electromagnetic ya ABS, PPO, PS nibindi bikoresho bya plastiki yubuhanga hamwe nimbaho ​​Kandi amashanyarazi, afite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha no kuzamura agaciro.

Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bya elegitoroniki ya electromagnetique yo gupima ibisubizo bya poro ya nano nikel hamwe nudukingirizo twa electromagnetic ikingira ivangwa na nano na micron nikel ifu yerekana ko kongeramo agace ka nano Ni bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zo gukingira amashanyarazi, ariko bishobora kongera igihombo cyo kwinjiza.Igihombo cya magnetiki kigabanuka, kimwe no kwangiza ibidukikije, ibikoresho nubuzima bwabantu biterwa numuraba wa electronique.

2.4 Nano Tin Antimony Oxide (ATO)

Ifu ya Nano ATO, nkuwuzuza udasanzwe, ifite umucyo mwinshi kandi utwara ibintu, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwakoreshwa mubice byerekana ibikoresho byo gutwikiraho, ibiyobora antistatike, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.Mubikoresho byo kwerekana ibikoresho bya optoelectronic ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya nano ATO bifite anti-static, anti-glare na anti-imirasire, kandi byakoreshejwe bwa mbere nkibikoresho byerekana ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Ibikoresho bya ATO nano bifite umucyo mwiza-amabara meza, umuyagankuba mwiza, imbaraga za mashini hamwe no gutuza, kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byerekana ni kimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byinganda zikoreshwa mubikoresho bya ATO muri iki gihe.Ibikoresho bya electrochromic (nka disikuru cyangwa Windows yubwenge) kuri ubu ni ikintu cyingenzi cyimikorere ya nano-ATO murwego rwo kwerekana.

2.5 Graphene

Nubwoko bushya bwibikoresho bya karubone, graphene irashobora guhinduka ubwoko bushya bwingirakamaro bwa electromagnetic ikingira cyangwa microwave ikurura ibikoresho kuruta carbone nanotube.Impamvu nyamukuru zirimo ibintu bikurikira:

ApGraphene ni firime iringaniye igizwe na atome ya karubone, ibintu bibiri-bifite uburebure bwa atome imwe ya karubone;

RapGraphene ni nanomaterial yoroheje kandi ikomeye ku isi;

ConductUbushyuhe bwumuriro buri hejuru yubwa karubone nanotube na diyama, igera kuri 5 300W / m • K;

④Graphene ni ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya isi, cm 10-6Ω • cm;

MobIbikoresho bya elegitoronike ya graphene ku bushyuhe bwicyumba birarenze ibya karubone ya karubone cyangwa kristu ya silicon, irenga cm 15 000 cm2 / V • s.Ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo, graphene irashobora guca kumupaka wambere hanyuma igahinduka uburyo bushya bwo gufata ibyuka kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa.Ibikoresho bya Wave bifite ibisabwa bya "inanutse, yoroheje, ubugari kandi bukomeye".

Gutezimbere gukingira electromagnetic gukingira no gukurura imikorere yibintu biterwa nibiri mu bikoresho bikurura, imikorere ya agent ikurura hamwe ninzitizi nziza ihuza na substrate ikurura.Graphene ntabwo ifite imiterere yihariye yumubiri hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwa mehaniki na electromagnetic, ariko kandi ifite imitekerereze myiza ya microwave.Nyuma yo guhuzwa na nanoparticles ya magnetiki, hashobora kuboneka ubwoko bushya bwibintu bikurura, bifite igihombo cya magneti na mashanyarazi.Kandi ifite ibyifuzo byiza byo gukoresha murwego rwo gukingira amashanyarazi na microwave.

Kubintu byavuzwe haruguru bya electromagnetic yo gukingira ibikoresho nano ifu, byombi biraboneka na Hongwu Nano bifite ireme kandi ryiza.