Mu myaka yashize, byagaragaye ko ingaruka n’ingaruka za nanotehnologiya ku buvuzi, bioengineering na farumasi byagaragaye.Nanotehnologiya ifite inyungu zidasubirwaho muri farumasi, cyane cyane mubijyanye no gutanga imiti igenewe kandi ikorerwa mu karere, gutanga imiti ya mucosal, kuvura gene no kugenzura irekurwa rya poroteyine na polypeptide

Ibiyobyabwenge muburyo busanzwe bwa dosiye bikwirakwizwa mumubiri wose nyuma yo guterwa inshinge, umunwa cyangwa uwaho, kandi ingano yibiyobyabwenge igera mukarere kavurirwamo ni agace gato gusa, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryibiyobyabwenge byinshi mubice bitagenewe ntabwo bigira ingaruka zo kuvura gusa, bizanazana ingaruka zuburozi.Kubwibyo, guteza imbere imiti mishya yimiti yabaye icyerekezo cyiterambere rya farumasi igezweho, kandi ubushakashatsi kuri sisitemu yo gutanga imiti igamije (TDDS) bwabaye ahantu hashyushye mubushakashatsi bwa farumasi

Ugereranije nibiyobyabwenge byoroshye, abatwara ibiyobyabwenge nano barashobora kumenya imiti igamije.Gutanga ibiyobyabwenge bigamije uburyo bwo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge bifasha abatwara, ligande cyangwa antibodi guhitamo guhitamo imiti igabanya ingirangingo, ingingo zigenewe, ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa imiterere yimitsi itandukanye binyuze mubuyobozi bwibanze cyangwa gutembera kwamaraso.Mubikorwa byuburyo bwihariye bwo kuyobora, umutwara ibiyobyabwenge nano atanga imiti kumugambi runaka kandi bigira ingaruka zo kuvura.Irashobora kugera ku biyobyabwenge bifatika hamwe na dosiye nkeya, ingaruka nke, ingaruka zibiyobyabwenge zihoraho, bioavailable nyinshi, hamwe no kugumana igihe kirekire ingaruka yibitekerezo ku ntego.

Imyiteguro igamije cyane cyane imyiteguro yabatwara, ahanini ikoresha uduce duto twa ultrafine, ishobora guhitamo gukusanya ibyo bitandukanya umwijima, impyiko, lymph nibindi bice bitewe ningaruka zumubiri na physiologique mumubiri.TDDS bivuga ubwoko bushya bwa sisitemu yo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kwibanda no guhuza ibiyobyabwenge mubice byindwara, ingingo, selile cyangwa selile zo munda binyuze mumaraso yaho cyangwa sisitemu.

Imiti ya Nano itegurwa.Bashobora kwibanda ku biyobyabwenge ahantu hagenewe ingaruka nke ku ngingo zidafite intego.Bashobora kunoza imikorere yibiyobyabwenge no kugabanya ingaruka mbi.Bifatwa nkuburyo bukwiye bwa dosiye yo gutwara imiti igabanya ubukana.Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigamije gutegura nano biri ku isoko, kandi umubare munini wateguwe nano-imyiteguro iri mubyiciro byubushakashatsi, bifite amahirwe menshi yo kuvura ibibyimba.

Ibiranga imyiteguro ya nano:

Intego: ibiyobyabwenge byibanda ahantu hagenewe;

Kugabanya urugero rw'imiti;

Kunoza ingaruka zo gukiza;

Kugabanya ingaruka mbi zibiyobyabwenge. 

Ingaruka yibikorwa bya nano-imyiteguro ifite isano ikomeye nubunini bwimyiteguro.Ibice bifite ubunini buri munsi ya 100nm birashobora kwegeranya mumitsi;ibice bya 100-200nm birashobora gukungahazwa ahantu hakomeye;mugihe 0.2-3um gufata na macrophage mumyanya;ibice> 7 μ m mubisanzwe bafatwa nigitanda cya capillary capillary hanyuma bakinjira mubice by ibihaha cyangwa alveoli.Kubwibyo, imyiteguro itandukanye ya nano yerekana ingaruka zitandukanye ziterwa nuburyo butandukanye kumiterere yimiti ibaho, nkubunini bwibice hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. 

Abatwara ibisanzwe bikoreshwa mukubaka nano-platform igizwe no gusuzuma no kuvura bigamije harimo:

(1) Abatwara Lipid, nka liposome nanoparticles;

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Amahame akurikira akurikizwa muri rusange muguhitamo abatwara nano:

(1) Igipimo kinini cyo gupakira ibiyobyabwenge nibiranga kurekurwa;

(2) Uburozi buke bwibinyabuzima kandi nta gisubizo cyibanze cyumubiri;

(3) Ifite imiterere myiza ya colloidal hamwe na physiologique ihamye;

(4) Gutegura byoroshye, byoroshye umusaruro munini, nigiciro gito 

Ubuvuzi bwa Nano Zahabu

Zahabu (Au) nanoparticlesKugira imirasire nziza cyane hamwe na optique, ishobora gukoreshwa neza muri radiotherapi igenewe.Binyuze mu gishushanyo cyiza, nano zahabu irashobora kwegeranya neza mubice byibyimba.Au nanoparticles irashobora kongera imishwarara muri kariya gace, kandi irashobora kandi guhindura ingufu zoroheje zashizwemo nubushyuhe kugirango zice selile muri kariya gace.Muri icyo gihe, imiti iri hejuru ya nano Au ibice nayo irashobora kurekurwa muri ako gace, bikarushaho kongera ingaruka zo kuvura. 

Nanoparticles irashobora kandi kwibasirwa kumubiri.Nanopowders itegurwa no gupfunyika ibiyobyabwenge nibintu bya ferromagnetiki, no gukoresha imbaraga za magnetique yumurima muri vitro kugirango uyobore icyerekezo no kwanduza ibiyobyabwenge mumubiri.Bikunze gukoreshwa ibintu bya magneti, nka Fe₂O₃, barigishijwe no guhuza mitoxantrone na dextran hanyuma bakayizinga na Fe₂O₃ gutegura nanoparticles.Ubushakashatsi bwa Pharmacokinetic bwakorewe mu mbeba.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko nanoparticles yibasiwe na magnetique ishobora kugera vuba kandi ikaguma aho ikibyimba, ubwinshi bwimiti yibasiwe na magnetiki yibibyimba biri hejuru kurenza iyo mumyanya isanzwe namaraso.

Fe₃O₄byagaragaye ko idafite uburozi na biocompatible.Ukurikije imiterere yihariye yumubiri, imiti, ubushyuhe na magnetique, superparamagnetic iron oxyde nanoparticles ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mubice bitandukanye byubuvuzi, nka label selile, intego kandi nkigikoresho cyubushakashatsi bwibidukikije bwakagari, kuvura selile nko gutandukanya selile. no kwezwa;gusana imyenda;gutanga ibiyobyabwenge;amashusho ya magnetiki resonance yerekana amashusho;kuvura hyperthermia kuvura kanseri, nibindi.

Carbone nanotubes (CNTs)Kugira imiterere idasanzwe hamwe na diametre y'imbere n'inyuma, ishobora gukora ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwinjira mu ngirabuzimafatizo kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nk'ibiyobyabwenge bya nanocarrier.Byongeye kandi, carbone nanotubes nayo ifite umurimo wo gusuzuma ibibyimba kandi igira uruhare runini mukumenyekanisha.Kurugero, carbone nanotubes igira uruhare mukurinda glande parathiyide mugihe cyo kubaga tiroyide.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkikimenyetso cya lymph node mugihe cyo kubagwa, kandi ifite imikorere yimiti ya chimiotherapie irekura buhoro, itanga amahirwe menshi yo gukumira no kuvura metastasis ya kanseri yibara.

Muri make, ikoreshwa rya nanotehnologiya mubijyanye n'ubuvuzi na farumasi rifite ibyiringiro byiza, kandi rwose bizatera impinduramatwara nshya mu ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi na farumasi, kugira ngo itange umusanzu mushya mu kuzamura ubuzima bw'abantu n'ubwiza bwa ubuzima.