Carbon nanomaterials Nhanganyaya

Kwenguva refu, vanhu vanoziva chete kuti kune matatu kabhoni allotropes: diamondi, graphite uye amorphous kabhoni.Nekudaro, mumakumi matatu emakore apfuura, kubva pazero-dimensional fullerenes, one-dimensional kabhoni nanotubes, kusvika maviri-dimensional graphene yakaramba ichiwanikwa, kabhoni nanomaterials mitsva inoramba ichikwezva kutarisa kwenyika.Carbon nanomaterials inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinoenderana nedhigirii renanoscale constraint pazvimiro zvavo zvepasi: zero-dimensional, one-dimensional uye maviri-dimensional kabhoni nanomaterials.
0-dimensional nanomaterials inoreva zvinhu zviri muchiyero che nanometer munzvimbo ine mativi matatu, senge nano-particles, atomic clusters uye quantum dots.Kazhinji inoumbwa nenhamba shoma yemaatomu nemamorekuru.Kune akawanda zero-dimensional kabhoni nano-zvinhu, senge kabhoni nhema, nano-dhaimani, nano-fullerene C60, kabhoni-yakavharwa nano-simbi zvidimbu.

Pakarepo iyoC60yakawanikwa, vemakemikari vakatanga kuongorora mukana wekushandisa kwavo kune catalyst.Parizvino, fullerenes uye zvinobva kwavari mumunda we catalytic zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu zvitatu:

(1) fullerenes zvakananga sechinokonzera;

(2) fullerenes uye zvinobva kwavari sehomogeneous catalyst;

(3) Kushandiswa kweFullerenes uye Zvigadzirwa zvavo muHeterogeneous Catalysts.
Carbon-coated nano-metal particles rudzi rutsva rwe zero-dimensional nano-carbon-metal composite.Nekuda kwekuganhurwa kwekabhoni shell uye mhedzisiro yekudzivirira, zvimedu zvesimbi zvinogona kuvharirwa munzvimbo diki uye simbi nanoparticles yakavharwa mairi inogona kugadzikana iripo pasi pesimba rekunze kwezvakatipoteredza.Rudzi rutsva urwu rwe zero-dimensional kabhoni-metal nanomaterials ine yakasarudzika optoelectronic zvivakwa uye ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekushandisa mune zvekurapa, magineti ekurekodha zvinhu, emagetsi ekudzivirira zvinhu, lithium bhatiri electrode zvinhu uye catalytic zvinhu.

One-dimensional carbon nanomaterials zvinoreva kuti maerekitironi anofamba akasununguka mugwara rimwechete risiri-nanoscale uye mafambiro acho ane mutsara.Vamiriri veimwe-dimensional kabhoni zvinhu kabhoni nanotubes, kabhoni nanofibers nezvimwe zvakadaro.Musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri unogona kuve wakavakirwa pahupamhi hwezvinhu kusiyanisa, zvinogona zvakare kuve zvichibva pane dhigirii regraphitization yezvinhu zvinotsanangurwa.Zvinoenderana nedhayamita yechinhu chinoreva kuti: dhayamita D pazasi 50nm, iyo yemukati gomba chimiro chinowanzo kunzi kabhoni nanotubes, uye dhayamita muhupamhi hwe50-200nm, kunyanya neakawanda-layer graphite sheet yakamonerwa, ine. hapana zviri pachena Hollow zvimiro zvinowanzonzi kabhoni nanofibers.

Zvinoenderana nedhigirii re graphitization yezvinyorwa, tsananguro inoreva graphitization iri nani, kutaridzika kweiyo.graphitesheet yakatarisana neiyo tube axis inonzi kabhoni nanotubes, nepo dhigirii regraphitization yakaderera kana isina graphitization chimiro, Kurongeka kwemapepa egraphite hakuna kurongeka, zvinhu zvine buri mukati uye kunyangemulti-walled carbon nanotubesese akakamurwa kuita kabhoni nanofibers.Ehe, musiyano pakati pekabhoni nanotubes uye kabhoni nanofibers hausi pachena mumagwaro akasiyana.

Semaonero edu, zvisinei nedhigirii re graphitization yekabhoni nanomaterials, isu tinosiyanisa pakati kabhoni nanotubes uye kabhoni nanofibers zvichibva pakuvapo kana kusavapo kwechigadziko chimiro.Kureva kuti, one-dimensional kabhoni nanomaterials inotsanangudza mhango chimiro ndeye kabhoni nanotubes isina mhango chimiro
Maviri-dimensional kabhoni nanomaterials: Graphene inomiririra maviri-dimensional kabhoni nanomaterials.Zviviri-dimensional zvinoshanda zvinomiririrwa negraphene zvave zvichipisa zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.Iyi nyeredzi zvinhu inoratidza zvinoshamisa zvakasarudzika zvivakwa mumakanika, magetsi, kupisa uye magineti.Zvimiro, graphene ndiyo yakakosha unit inogadzira zvimwe kabhoni zvinhu: inotenderera kusvika zero-dimensional fullerenes, curls kuita one-dimensional kabhoni nanotubes, uye stacks kuita matatu-dimensional graphite.
Muchidimbu, kabhoni nanomaterials yagara iri nyaya inopisa mu nanoscience uye tekinoroji kutsvagisa uye vakaita kwakakosha kufambira mberi.Nekuda kwechimiro chavo chakasiyana uye chakanakisa chemuviri uye chemakemikari zvimiro, kabhoni nanomaterials inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu lithium-ion bhatiri zvinhu, optoelectronic zvinhu, Catalyst vatakuri, makemikari uye biological sensors, hydrogen kuchengetedza zvinhu uye supercapacitor zvinhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinonetsa.

China Hongwu Micro-Nano Technology Co., Ltd - mutangiri wekugadzira maindasitiri e nano-kabhoni zvinhu, ndiyo yekutanga mudzimba kugadzira kabhoni nanotubes uye zvimwe nano-kabhoni zvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye kushandiswa kwemhando yepamusoro yepasirese, kugadzirwa kwenano- kabhoni zvinhu zvakatengeswa kune Munyika yose, mhinduro yacho yakanaka.Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwebudiriro yenyika uye modular manejimendi, Hongwu Nano inonamatira kumusika-inotungamirwa, tekinoroji inotungamirwa, kuzadzisa zvinonzwisisika zvinodiwa nevatengi sechinangwa chayo, uye kuita nhamburiko dzisingaperi dzekusimudzira simba reindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina.