Intshayelelo yeCarbon nanomaterials

Kwangexesha elide, abantu bayazi kuphela ukuba kukho ezintathu carbon allotropes: idayimane, igraphite kunye nekhabhoni amorphous.Nangona kunjalo, kumashumi amathathu eminyaka adlulileyo, ukusuka kwi-zero-dimensional fullerenes, enye-dimensional carbon nanotubes, ukuya kwi-graphene ene-dimensional graphene iye yafunyanwa ngokuqhubekayo, i-carbon nanomaterials entsha iyaqhubeka ukutsala umdla wehlabathi.Ikhabhoni nanomatariyali zingahlelwa ngokweendidi ezintathu ngokwenqanaba lokunyanzelwa kwe-nanoscale kwimilinganiselo yazo yendawo: i-zero-dimensional, i-one-dimensional kunye ne-two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials.
I-0-dimensional nanomaterials ibhekisela kwizinto ezikumlinganiselo we-nanometer kwisithuba se-dimensional ezintathu, ezifana ne-nano-particles, i-atomic clusters kunye namachaphaza e-quantum.Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulunqwe inani elincinci le-athomu kunye neeathomu.Kukho ezininzi zero-dimensional carbon nano-materials, ezifana ne-carbon black, nano-diamond, nano-fullerene C60, i-carbon-coated nano-metal particles.

Ngokukhawuleza ukuba iC60yafunyanwa, iikhemisti zaqala ukuphonononga ukuba nokwenzeka kwesicelo sabo kwi-catalyst.Okwangoku, i-fullerenes kunye ne-derivatives yazo kwintsimi ye-catalytic materials iquka le miba mithathu ilandelayo:

(1) i-fullerenes ngokuthe ngqo njenge-catalyst;

(2) i-fullerenes kunye ne-derivatives yazo njenge-homogeneous catalyst;

(3) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Fullerenes kunye ne-Derivatives yazo kwi-Heterogeneous Catalysts.
Iincinci ze-nano-metal ezifakwe kwikhabhoni luhlobo olutsha lwe-zero-dimensional nano-carbon-metal composite.Ngenxa yokukhawulelana kwegobolondo yekhabhoni kunye nefuthe lokukhusela, iinqununu zetsimbi zinokuvalelwa kwindawo encinci kwaye i-nanoparticles yensimbi efakwe kuyo inokuthi ibekho ngokuzinzileyo phantsi kwempembelelo yendawo yangaphandle.Olu hlobo olutsha lwe-zero-dimensional carbon-metal nanomaterials luneempawu ezikhethekileyo ze-optoelectronic kwaye lunoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezicelo zonyango, izixhobo zokurekhoda magnetic, izinto zokukhusela i-electromagnetic shielding, i-lithium ibhetri ye-electrode materials kunye nezixhobo ze-catalytic.

I-one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials ithetha ukuba ii-electron zihamba ngokukhululekileyo kwicala elinye kuphela elingena-nanoscale kwaye ukunyakaza kuhambelana.Abameli abaqhelekileyo bezinto zekhabhoni ezinomlinganiselo omnye yi-carbon nanotubes, i-carbon nanofibers kunye nokunye okunjalo.Umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini unokusekwa kububanzi bezinto zokwahlula, kunokusekwa kwinqanaba le-graphitization yezinto eziza kuchazwa.Ngokobubanzi bezinto ezithetha ukuba: i-diameter D engaphantsi kwe-50nm, isakhiwo sangaphakathi somngxuma sihlala sibizwa ngokuba yi-carbon nanotubes, kunye nobubanzi kuluhlu lwe-50-200nm, ubukhulu becala liphepha legraphite eligobileyo. akukho zakhiwo ezicacileyo eziHollow zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-carbon nanofibers.

Ngokwenqanaba le-graphitization yezinto eziphathekayo, inkcazo ibhekisela kwi-graphitization ingcono, ukuqhelaniswa kweigraphiteI-sheet oriented parallel to the tube axis ibizwa ngokuba yi-carbon nanotubes, ngelixa i-degree of graphitization iphantsi okanye ingekho isakhiwo se-graphitization, Ulungelelwaniso lwamaphepha egraphite alulungelelaniswa, izinto ezinesakhiwo esingenanto phakathi kunye nokubaiinanotubes zekhabhoni ezinamadonga amaninzizonke zahlulwe zibe yi-carbon nanofibers.Ngokuqinisekileyo, umahluko phakathi kwe-carbon nanotubes kunye ne-carbon nanofibers awubonakali kumaxwebhu ahlukeneyo.

Ngokombono wethu, kungakhathaliseki iqondo le-graphitization ye-carbon nanomaterials, siyahlula phakathi kwe-carbon nanotubes kunye ne-carbon nanofibers ngokusekelwe kubukho okanye ukungabikho kwesakhiwo esingenanto.Oko kukuthi, i-carbon-nanomaterials ene-dimensional enye echaza isakhiwo esingenanto yi-carbon nanotubes engenalo ulwakhiwo olungenanto Okanye ulwakhiwo olungenanto alubonakali lune-dimensional one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials carbon nanofibers.
I-carbon-dimensional carbon nanomaterials: I-graphene imele i-nanomaterials ye-carbon-dimensional-dimensional.Izinto ezisebenzayo ezinamacala amabini amelwe yigraphene zishushu kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Le nkwenkwezi ibonakalisa iipropati ezimangalisayo ezikhethekileyo kubumatshini, umbane, ubushushu kunye nemagnethi.Ngokwesakhiwo, igraphene yeyona yunithi isisiseko eyenza ezinye izinto zekhabhoni: iyajika iye kuthi ga kwi-zero-dimensional fullerenes, ijike ibe yi-carbon nanotubes enomgangatho omnye, kwaye izipakishe zibe yigraphite ene-dimensional-dimensional.
Isishwankathelo, i-carbon nanomaterials ibisoloko ingumxholo oshushu kwi-nanoscience kunye nophando lwethekhnoloji kwaye yenze inkqubela ebalulekileyo yophando.Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esiyingqayizivele kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, i-carbon nanomaterials isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto zebhetri ze-lithium-ion, izinto ze-optoelectronic , abathwali beCatalyst, iikhemikhali kunye ne-biological sensors, izinto zokugcina i-hydrogen kunye nezixhobo ze-supercapacitor kunye nezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo.

I-China Hongwu Micro-Nano Technology Co., Ltd - umanduleli woshishino lwezixhobo ze-nano-carbon, ngumvelisi wokuqala wasekhaya we-carbon nanotubes kunye nezinye izinto ze-nano-carbon zokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa komgangatho ohamba phambili wehlabathi, ukuveliswa kwe-nano- izinto zekhabhoni ziye zathunyelwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, impendulo ilungile.Ngokusekwe kwisicwangciso sophuhliso lwesizwe kunye nolawulo lweemodyuli, i-Hongwu Nano ibambelela kwintengiso-ejolise, iteknoloji eqhutywa, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zabathengi njengomsebenzi wayo, kwaye yenza iinzame ezingapheliyo zokwandisa amandla oshishino lwemveliso yaseChina.