Okwangoku, izinto ezixabisekileyo ze-nano zentsimbi zisetyenziswa phantse kuwo onke amashishini, kwaye ezi zinyithi zixabisekileyo zidla ngokucutshungulwa ngokunzulu.Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukusetyenzwa okunzulu kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokutshintsha uhlobo lomzimba okanye lwekhemikhali yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo okanye iikhompawundi ngothotho lweenkqubo zokusetyenzwa ukuze zibe ziimveliso zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.Ngoku ngokudityaniswa ne-nanotechnology, umda wokusetyenzwa kwentsimbi exabisekileyo uye wandiswa, kwaye uninzi lweemveliso ezintsha zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ziye zaziswa.

Izixhobo zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo zeNano zibandakanya iindidi ezininzi zentsimbi ebekekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo ze-nanopowder, intsimbi ezukileyo entsha ye-macromolecular nanomaterials kunye nemathiriyeli yefilimu yentsimbi.Phakathi kwazo, i-elemental kunye ne-compound nano powder materials yentsimbi ehloniphekileyo inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezixhaswayo nezingaxhaswanga, zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-nanomaterials yentsimbi exabisekileyo kwishishini.

1. Izinto zeNanopowder zesinyithi ezihloniphekileyo kunye neekhompawundi

1.1.Umgubo ongaxhaswanga

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-nanopowder zesinyithi ezihloniphekileyo njengesilivere (Ag), igolide (Au), i-palladium (i-Pd) kunye ne-platinum (Pt), kunye ne-nanoparticles yeekhompawundi zetsimbi ezihloniphekileyo ezifana ne-oxide yesilivere.Ngenxa yamandla anamandla okusebenzisana komphezulu we-nanoparticles, kulula ukuhlanganisana phakathi kwe-nanoparticles.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-agent ethile yokukhusela (enefuthe lokusabalalisa) isetyenziselwa ukugubungela umphezulu weengqungquthela ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiselela okanye emva kokuba imveliso ye powder ifunyenwe.

Isicelo:

Okwangoku, i-nanoparticles yentsimbi enqabileyo engaxhaswanga eye yaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwishishini ikakhulu ibandakanya i-nano powder yesilivere, i-nano powder yegolide, i-nano platinum powder kunye ne-nano silver oxide.I-particle yegolide ye-Nano njengombala sele isetyenziswe kwiglasi yaseVenetian kunye neglasi enemibala, kunye ne-gauze equkethe i-nano powder yesilivere ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwezigulane ezivuthayo.Okwangoku, i-nano powder yesilivere ingathatha indawo ye-ultra-fine powders yesilivere kwi-condative paste, enokunciphisa inani lesilivere kunye nokunciphisa iindleko;xa i-nano metal particles isetyenziswa njengemibala kwipeyinti, i-coating ekhethekileyo eqaqambileyo yenza ukuba ilungele iimoto zodidi kunye neminye imihlobiso ephezulu.Inamandla amakhulu osetyenziso.

Ukongeza, i-slurry eyenziwe nge-colloid yensimbi exabisekileyo inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokusebenza-ixabiso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ozinzile, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa isizukulwana esitsha semveliso ye-elektroniki ephezulu.Kwangaxeshanye, i-colloid yentsimbi exabisekileyo ngokwayo inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso yesekethe ye-elektroniki kunye netekhnoloji yokupakisha ye-elektroniki, efana ne-colloids yentsimbi exabisekileyo ye-Pd inokwenziwa ibe lulwelo lwe-toner kwimveliso yesekethe ye-elektroniki kunye nokufakwa kwegolide yezandla.

1.2.Umgubo oxhaswayo

Izinto ezixhaswayo ze-nano zesinyithi ezihloniphekileyo zihlala zibhekisela kwiimbumba ezifunyenwe ngokulayisha i-nanoparticles yesinyithi esihloniphekileyo kunye neekhompawundi zabo kwi-carrier ethile ye-porous, kwaye abanye abantu baphinda bazihlele njengezinto ezintle zetsimbi.Ineenzuzo ezimbini eziphambili:

① Izixhobo zomgubo zeNano zezinto ezisasazeke kakhulu kunye nezifanayo zentsimbi kunye neekhompawundi zinokufumaneka, ezinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukudityaniswa kwee-nanoparticles zentsimbi;

②Inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula kunohlobo olungaxhaswanga, kwaye izikhombisi zobugcisa zilula ukulawula.

Iipowders zentsimbi ezixhaswayo eziye zaveliswa kwaye zasetyenziswa kwishishini ziquka i-Ag, i-Au, i-Pt, i-Pd, i-Rh kunye ne-alloy nanoparticles ezenziwe phakathi kwazo kunye nezinye iziseko zesinyithi.

Isicelo:

Okwangoku inkxaso ye-nanomaterials yesinyithi esemgangathweni isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezinto ezincedayo.Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci kunye nommandla omkhulu ocacileyo we-nanoparticles yensimbi ehloniphekileyo, imeko yokubambisana kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwee-athomu zomphezulu zahluke kakhulu kwezo zingaphakathi kwi-athomu yangaphakathi, ukuze iindawo ezisebenzayo kumphezulu weentsimbi ezihloniphekileyo zanda kakhulu. , kwaye zineemeko ezisisiseko njenge-catalysts.Ukongeza, uzinzo olulodwa lwekhemikhali yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo lubenza babe nozinzo olukhethekileyo lwe-catalytic, umsebenzi we-catalytic kunye nokuvuselelwa emva kokuba zenziwe zibe yi-catalysts.

Okwangoku, iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-nano-scale precious metal catalysts ezixabisekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwishishini le-chemical synthesis liphuhlisiwe.Ngokomzekelo, i-colloidal Pt catalyst exhaswa kwi-zeolite-1 isetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-alkanes kwi-petroleum, i-colloidal Ru exhaswa kwikhabhoni ingasetyenziselwa i-ammonia synthesis, i-Pt100 -xAux colloids ingasetyenziselwa i-n-butane hydrogenolysis kunye ne-isomerization.Isinyithi esixabisekileyo (ingakumbi i-Pt) i-nanomaterials njenge-catalysts nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthengisweni kweeseli zepetroli: ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-1-10 nm Pt amasuntswana, i-nano-scale Pt isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-fuel cell catalysts, kungekhona nje i-catalytic. ukusebenza.Iphuculwe, kwaye inani leentsimbi ezixabisekileyo lingancitshiswa, ukwenzela ukuba iindleko zokulungiselela zingancitshiswa kakhulu.

Ukongeza, iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ze-nano-scale nazo ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni amandla e-hydrogen.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nano-scale noble metal catalysts ukwahlula amanzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen yindlela yokuphuhliswa kwee-nanomaterials zetsimbi ezihloniphekileyo.Zininzi iindlela zokusebenzisa i-nanomaterials yentsimbi ebalaseleyo ukwenza imveliso ye-hydrogen.Ngokomzekelo, i-colloidal Ir i-catalyst esebenzayo yokunciphisa amanzi kwimveliso ye-hydrogen.

2. Iindibaniselwano zenoveli zeentsimbi ezibekekileyo

Ukusebenzisa i-Schiffrin reaction, i-Au, i-Ag kunye ne-alloys yazo ekhuselweyo nge-alkyl thiol inokulungiswa, njenge-Au/Ag, i-Au/Cu, i-Au/Ag/Cu, i-Au/Pt, i-Au/Pd kunye namaqela e-athomu ye-Au/Ag/ I-Cu/Pd njl. njl. Inani lobunzima be-cluster complex lilodwa kwaye linokufikelela “kwimolekyuli” yococeko.Ubume obuzinzile bubavumela ukuba banyibilike ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye bancibilike njengeemolekyuli eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration, kwaye banokufumana iimpendulo ezinjengokutshintshana, ukudibanisa kunye ne-polymerization, kwaye zenze iikristale ezinamaqoqo e-athomu njengeeyunithi zesakhiwo.Ke ngoko, amaqela eathom anjalo abizwa ngokuba ziimolekyuli ezikhuselweyo zeqela le-monolayer (MPC).

Isicelo: Kufunyaniswe ukuba i-nanoparticles yegolide enobukhulu be-3-40 nm ingasetyenziselwa ukungcoliswa kwangaphakathi kweeseli kunye nokuphucula isisombululo sokubonwa kwezicubu zangaphakathi zeeseli, ezibaluleke kakhulu kuphando lwe-biology yeseli.

3. Izinto ezixabisekileyo zefilimu yentsimbi

Iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zineekhemikhali ezizinzile kwaye azilula ukusabela kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iingubo zomphezulu kunye neefilimu ezinobumba.Ukongeza kwingubo yokuhombisa ngokubanzi, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iglasi efakwe ngegolide ibonakale njengekhethini eludongeni ukubonakalisa ukushisa imitha kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.Ngokomzekelo, iRoyal Bank yaseCanada Building eToronto iye yafakela iglasi ekhanyayo yegolide, esebenzisa i-77.77 kg yegolide.

I-Hongwu Nano ngumvelisi oqeqeshiweyo we-nano yentsimbi exabisekileyo, enokubonelela nge-elemental nano yentsimbi exabisekileyo, i-nanoparticles yentsimbi exabisekileyo, i-shell-core nanoparticles equlethe iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye ne-dispersions yazo kwiibhetshi.Wamkelekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nathi ngolwazi oluthe vetshe!