Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukungena kunye nefuthe le-nanotechnology kumayeza, i-bioengineering kunye nekhemesti iye yabonakala.I-Nanotechnology inenzuzo engenakubuyiselwa kwikhemesti, ngakumbi kwiinkalo zokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi ezichongiweyo kunye nezasekhaya, ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kwi-mucosal, unyango lwemfuza kunye nokukhutshwa okulawulwayo kweprotheyini kunye ne-polypeptide.

Iziyobisi kwiifom zedosi eqhelekileyo zisasazwa kuwo wonke umzimba emva kwesitofu, ngomlomo okanye ekuhlaleni, kwaye isixa samachiza afikelela ngokwenene kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo yonyango yinxalenye encinci yedosi, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamachiza amaninzi kwiindawo ezingajoliswanga. ayinayo impembelelo yonyango kuphela, iya kuzisa nemiphumo emibi enetyhefu.Ke ngoko, ukuphuhliswa kweefom zedosi entsha yeyeza sele lisalathiso kuphuhliso lwekhemesti yanamhlanje, kwaye uphando kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi ekujoliswe kuyo (TDDS) iye yaba yindawo eshushu kuphando lwekhemesti.

Xa kuthelekiswa neziyobisi ezilula, abathwali beziyobisi be-nano banokuqonda unyango olujoliswe kuyo.Ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi ekujoliswe kuzo kubhekiselele kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi enceda abathwali, ii-ligands okanye ii-antibodies ukuba zikhethe indawo yamachiza ekujoliswe kuyo kwizicubu, amalungu ekujoliswe kuwo, iiseli ezijoliswe kuzo okanye izakhiwo ze-intracellular ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lwendawo okanye ukujikeleza kwegazi.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo somgaqo othile wesikhokelo, umthwali weziyobisi we-nano uhambisa iyeza kwithagethi ethile kwaye enze isiphumo sonyango.Iyakwazi ukufezekisa ichiza elisebenzayo kunye ne-dosage encinci, imiphumo ephantsi yecala, isiphumo esiqhubekayo seziyobisi, i-bioavailability ephezulu, kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide lempembelelo yoxinzelelo kwiithagethi.

Amalungiselelo ekujoliswe kuwo ngawona malungiselelo okuthwala, ikakhulu asebenzisa amasuntswana e-ultrafine, anokuthi aqokelele ngokukhetha la masuntswana asasazeka kwisibindi, udakada, i-lymph kunye namanye amalungu ngenxa yeziphumo zomzimba nezomzimba emzimbeni.I-TDDS ibhekiselele kuhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi enokuthi igxininise kwaye ifake iziyobisi kwizicubu ezigulayo, amalungu, iiseli okanye iiseli ze-intra ngokujikeleza kwegazi kwasekhaya okanye kwenkqubo.

Amalungiselelo amayeza eNano ajoliswe kuwo.Bangakwazi ukugxininisa iziyobisi kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kunye neempembelelo ezincinci kumalungu angajoliswanga.Banokuphucula ukusebenza kweziyobisi kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo zecala zenkqubo.Zithathwa njengezona fom zedosi zifanelekileyo zokuthwala amachiza okulwa nomhlaza.Okwangoku, ezinye iimveliso ze-nano-preparation ezijoliswe kuzo zikwimarike, kwaye inani elikhulu le-nano-preparations ekujoliswe kulo likwinqanaba lophando, elinethemba elibanzi lokusebenzisa unyango lwe-tumor.

Iimpawu zamalungiselelo ajoliswe kwi-nano:

⊙ Ukujolisa: ichiza ligxininiswe kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo;

⊙ Ukunciphisa umthamo wamayeza;

⊙ Phucula isiphumo sokunyanga;

⊙ Nciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeziyobisi. 

Umphumo wokujoliswa kwe-nano-preparations ejoliswe kuyo inokulungelelaniswa okukhulu kunye nobukhulu beqhekeza lokulungiselela.Amalungu anobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-100nm angakwazi ukuqokelela kumongo wethambo;amasuntswana e-100-200nm angatyetyiswa kwiindawo eziqinileyo zethumba;ngelixa i-0.2-3um ifunyenwe yi-macrophages kwi-spleen;amasuntswana> 7 μm ngokuqhelekileyo abanjwe ngumbhede we-capillary we-pulmonary kwaye angene kwizicubu zemiphunga okanye i-alveoli.Ngoko ke, amalungiselelo e-nano ahlukeneyo abonisa iziphumo ezijoliswe kuzo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokungafani kwimeko yobukho beziyobisi, njengobungakanani be-particle kunye nentlawulo yomhlaba. 

Abathwali abaqhelekileyo abasetyenziselwa ukwakha i-nano-platforms edibeneyo yokuxilongwa okujoliswe kuyo kunye nonyango ikakhulu kubandakanya:

(1) Abathwali beLipid, njenge-liposome nanoparticles;

(2) Abathwali bepolymer, njenge-polymer dendrimers, i-micelles, i-polymer vesicles, i-block copolymers, i-protein nano particles;

(3) Abathwali be-inorganic, njenge-nano-silicon-based particles, i-carbon-based nanoparticles, i-magnetic nanoparticles, i-nanoparticles yensimbi, kunye ne-up-conversion nanomaterials, njl.

Le migaqo ilandelayo ilandelwa ngokubanzi ekukhethweni kwee-nano carriers:

(1) Izinga eliphezulu lokulayishwa kweziyobisi kunye neempawu zokukhululwa ezilawulwayo;

(2) Ubuthi obuphantsi be-biological kwaye akukho mpendulo ye-immune ye-basal;

(3) Inozinzo oluhle lwe-colloidal kunye nokuzinza komzimba;

(4) Ukulungiselela okulula, ukuveliswa ngokulula kwezinga elikhulu, kunye neendleko eziphantsi 

Nano Gold Targeted Therapy

Igolide (Au) nanoparticleszineempembelelo ezibalaseleyo zokusasazeka ngemitha kunye neempawu zokukhanya, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kakuhle kunyango lweradiyo ekujoliswe kulo.Ngoyilo oluhle, amasuntswana egolide e-nano anokuqokelela ngokufanelekileyo kwizicubu zethumba.I-Au nanoparticles inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemitha kule ndawo, kwaye inokuguqula amandla okukhanya afunliweyo abe bubushushu bokubulala iiseli zomhlaza kule ndawo.Ngexesha elifanayo, iziyobisi eziphezu kwe-nano Au particles nazo zinokukhutshwa kwindawo, ziphucule ngakumbi umphumo wonyango. 

I-Nanoparticles nayo inokujoliswa ngokwenyama.I-Nanopowders ilungiswa ngokusonga iziyobisi kunye ne-ferromagnetic substances, kunye nokusebenzisa i-magnetic field effect in vitro ukukhokela intshukumo yecala kunye nokufakwa kwendawo yamachiza emzimbeni.Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zimagnetic, ezifana neFe₂O₃, zifundwe ngokudibanisa i-mitoxantrone kunye ne-dextran kwaye emva koko zizisonge nge-Fe₂O₃ ukulungiselela i-nanoparticles.Uvavanyo lwe-Pharmacokinetic lwenziwa kwiimpuku.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-nanoparticles ejoliswe ngomagnetic inokufika ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihlale kwindawo ye-tumor, ukuxinwa kweziyobisi ezijoliswe ngumagnetic kwindawo ye-tumor kuphezulu kunoko kwizicubu eziqhelekileyo kunye negazi.

Fe₃O₄ibonakaliswe ukuba ayinayo ityhefu kunye ne-biocompatible.Ngokusekwe kwizinto ezikhethekileyo zomzimba, iikhemikhali, i-thermal kunye ne-magnetic properties, i-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles inamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ze-biomedical, ezifana nokubhala iiseli, ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nesixhobo sophando lwe-ecology, unyango lweeseli ezifana nokuhlukana kweeseli. kunye nokuhlanjululwa;ukulungiswa kwezicubu;ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi;imaging yeresonance yenyukliya;unyango lwe-hyperthermia yeeseli zomhlaza, njl.

Iinanotube zeCarbon(CNTs)zibe nesakhiwo esingenanto esikhethekileyo kunye needamitha zangaphakathi nangaphandle, ezinokuthi zenze izakhono ezibalaseleyo zokungena kwiseli kwaye zinokusetyenziswa njenge-nanocarriers yeziyobisi.Ukongeza, i-carbon nanotubes nayo inomsebenzi wokuxilonga amathumba kwaye idlala indima entle ekumakisheni.Ngokomzekelo, i-carbon nanotubes idlala indima ekukhuseleni amadlala e-parathyroid ngexesha lotyando lwedlala lengqula.Isenokusetyenziswa njengophawu lwe-lymph nodes ngexesha lotyando, kwaye inomsebenzi wamachiza echemotherapy ekhutshwa kancinci, ebonelela ngamathemba abanzi othintelo kunye nonyango lwe-colorectal cancer metastasis.

Ukushwankathela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanotechnology kwiinkalo zonyango kunye nekhemesti kunethemba eliqaqambileyo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubangela uguquko olutsha lwetekhnoloji kwicandelo lamayeza kunye nekhemesti, ukuze kwenziwe igalelo elitsha ekuphuculeni impilo yabantu kunye nomgangatho wobomi. ubomi.