I-Carbon nanomaterials Isingeniso

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu bazi kuphela ukuthi kukhona ezintathu carbon allotropes: diamond, graphite kanye amorphous carbon.Kodwa-ke, emashumini amathathu eminyaka adlule, kusukela ku-zero-dimensional fullerenes, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, kuya kuma-graphene anezinhlangothi ezimbili kuye kwatholakala ngokuqhubekayo, ama-carbon nanomaterials amasha ayaqhubeka nokudonsa ukunaka komhlaba.Ama-nanomaterials ekhabhoni angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezintathu ngokwezinga lokuvinjelwa kwe-nanoscale kubukhulu bawo bendawo: i-zero-dimensional, i-one-dimensional kanye ne-two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials.
Ama-nanomaterials angu-0-dimensional abhekisela ezintweni ezisesikalini se-nanometer esikhaleni esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, njengezinhlayiya ze-nano, amaqoqo e-athomu namachashazi e-quantum.Ngokuvamile akhiwa inani elincane lama-athomu nama-molecule.Kukhona izinto eziningi ze-carbon nano-dimensional zero-dimensional, ezifana ne-carbon black, nano-diamond, i-nano-fullerene C60, izinhlayiya ze-nano-metal ezimbozwe nge-carbon.

Ngokushesha nje lapho i-C60kwatholakala, osokhemisi baqala ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini isicelo sabo ku-catalyst.Njengamanje, ama-fullerenes kanye nokuphuma kwawo emkhakheni wezinto ze-catalytic ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izici ezintathu ezilandelayo:

(1) ama-fullerenes ngokuqondile njenge-catalyst;

(2) ama-fullerenes kanye nokuphuma kwawo njenge-homogeneous catalyst;

(3) Ukusetshenziswa kwamaFulerenes kanye Nokuphuma kwawo kuma-Heterogeneous Catalysts.
Izinhlayiya ze-nano-metal ezimbozwe ngekhabhoni ziwuhlobo olusha lwenhlanganisela ye-nano-carbon-metal eyiziro-dimensional.Ngenxa yomkhawulo wegobolondo lekhabhoni kanye nomphumela wokuvikela, izinhlayiya zensimbi zingavalelwa endaweni encane futhi ama-nanoparticles ensimbi ahlanganiswe kuwo angaba khona ngokuzinzile ngaphansi kwethonya lemvelo yangaphandle.Lolu hlobo olusha lwe-zero-dimensional carbon-metal nanomaterials lunezici ze-optoelectronic eziyingqayizivele futhi lunohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezokwelapha, izinto zokuqopha kazibuthe, izinto zokuvikela ugesi, izinto zokwenziwa kwebhethri ye-lithium nezinto ze-catalytic.

I-carbon nanomaterials ye-one-dimensional isho ukuthi ama-electron ahamba ngokukhululeka endaweni eyodwa kuphela engeyona eye-nanoscale futhi ukunyakaza kuqondile.Abameleli abajwayelekile bezinto zekhabhoni ezinohlangothi olulodwa ama-carbon nanotubes, ama-carbon nanofiber nokunye okunjalo.Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ungasuselwa kububanzi bezinto ezizohlukaniswa, ungabuye usekelwe ezingeni le-graphitization lezinto ezizochazwa.Ngokobubanzi bento esetshenziswayo kusho ukuthi: ububanzi D ngaphansi kuka-50nm, isakhiwo esingaphakathi esingenalutho sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-carbon nanotubes, kanye nobubanzi obuyi-50-200nm, ikakhulukazi ishidi le-graphite elinezingqimba eziningi eligoqekile, azikho izakhiwo ezisobala ezingenalutho ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-carbon nanofibers.

Ngokwezinga le-graphitization lezinto ezibonakalayo, incazelo ibhekisela ku-graphitization ingcono, ukuqondiswa kwesithombe.i-graphitei-sheet oriented parallel to the tube axis ibizwa nge-carbon nanotubes, kuyilapho izinga le-graphitization liphansi noma lingekho isakhiwo se-graphitization, Ukuhlelwa kwamashidi e-graphite akuhlelekile, impahla enesakhiwo esingenalutho phakathi nendawoi-carbon nanotubes enezindonga eziningizonke zihlukaniswe zibe carbon nanofibers.Yiqiniso, umehluko phakathi kwe-carbon nanotubes ne-carbon nanofibers awubonakali emibhalweni ehlukahlukene.

Ngokombono wethu, kungakhathaliseki izinga le-graphitization ye-carbon nanomaterials, sihlukanisa phakathi kwe-carbon nanotubes nama-carbon nanofibers ngokusekelwe ebukhoneni noma ukungabikho kwesakhiwo esingenalutho.Okusho ukuthi, i-carbon-dimensional carbon nanomaterials echaza isakhiwo esingenalutho ama-carbon nanotubes angenawo isakhiwo esingenalutho Noma isakhiwo esingenalutho asibonakali ama-one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials carbon nanofibers.
I-carbon-dimensional carbon nanomaterials: I-Graphene imele ama-nanomaterials e-carbon-dimensional amabili.Izinto ezisebenzayo ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili ezimelwe i-graphene bezishisa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.Le nto yenkanyezi ibonisa izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ezimangalisayo kumakhenikha, ugesi, ukushisa kanye ne-magnetism.Ngokwesakhiwo, i-graphene iyunithi eyisisekelo eyenza ezinye izinto zekhabhoni: ijika ifike ku-zero-dimensional fullerenes, isonge ibe ama-carbon nanotubes anohlangothi olulodwa, futhi izitaki zibe igraphite enezinhlangothi ezintathu.
Kafushane, i-carbon nanomaterials ibilokhu iyisihloko esishisayo ocwaningweni lwe-nanoscience nobuchwepheshe futhi yenze inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo ebalulekile.Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esiyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba namakhemikhali, i-carbon nanomaterials isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zebhethri ze-lithium-ion, izinto ze-optoelectronic , abathwali be-Catalyst, izinzwa zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji, izinto zokugcina i-hydrogen nezinto ze-supercapacitor nezinye izici ezikhathazayo.

I-China Hongwu Micro-Nano Technology Co., Ltd - eyandulela ukwenziwa kwezimboni zezinto zokwakha ze-nano-carbon, ingumkhiqizi wokuqala wasekhaya we-carbon nanotubes nezinye izinto ze-nano-carbon zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhwalithi ehamba phambili emhlabeni, ukukhiqizwa kwe-nano- izinto zekhabhoni zithunyelwe emhlabeni wonke, impendulo yinhle.Ngokusekelwe esu lentuthuko kazwelonke kanye nokuphathwa kwe-modular, i-Hongwu Nano ibambelela emakethe, eqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe, ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezifanele zamakhasimende njengomsebenzi wayo, futhi yenze imizamo engapheli yokuthuthukisa amandla embonini yokukhiqiza yaseChina.