Njengamanje, izinto zensimbi zensimbi zase-Nano zisetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke imboni, futhi lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu zivame ukucubungulwa ngemikhiqizo ejulile. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukucubungula okujulile kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kubhekisele kwinqubo yokushintsha uhlobo lomzimba noma lwamakhemikhali lwezinsimbi eziyigugu noma amakhompiyutha ngochungechunge lwezinqubo zokucubungula ukuze zibe yimikhiqizo yensimbi ebaluleke kakhulu. Manje ngenhlanganisela ne-nanotechnology, ubukhulu bokucutshungulwa kwensimbi okujulile kwensimbi kunwetshiwe, futhi sekungeniswe imikhiqizo eminingi ejulile yokucubungula insimbi eyigugu.

Izinto zokwenziwa zensimbi eziyigugu eziyigugu zifaka izinhlobo eziningana zensimbi enhle yensimbi kanye nezinto zokwenziwa ze-nanopowder, ama-noble zensimbi amasha we-macromolecular ama-nanomatadium amafilimu ensimbi. Phakathi kwazo, izinto zokuqala ze-nano ze-powder zensimbi ezihle kakhulu zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: asekelwa futhi asekelwe, okuyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yensimbi eyigugu yensimbi embonini.

1. Izinto ze-nanopowder zezinsimbi ezinhle namakhompiyutha

1.1. I-powder engasekelwe

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-nanopowders of izinsimbi ezinhle ezifana nesiliva (AG), igolide (au), i-Palladium (PD) kanye neplatinamu (PT) kanye ne-nanoparticles of anble compacts compounds ezifana nesiliva oxide. Ngenxa yokusebenzisana okunamandla kwamandla wamandla we-nanoparticles, kulula ukuhlanganyela phakathi kwama-nanoparticles. Imvamisa, i-ejenti ethile evikelayo (enomphumela wokuhlakazeka) isetshenziselwa ukumboza ingaphezulu kwezinhlayiya ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiselela noma ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizo we-powder uyatholakala.

Isicelo:

Njengamanje, ama-nanoparticles angasekelwa e-Metal Nanoparticles angenasisekelo athuthukile futhi asetshenziswe embonini ikakhulukazi afaka i-nano esiliva powder, i-nano igolide le-powder, i-nano yeplatinamu ne-nano isiliva oxide. I-Nano Gold Parcle njengombala sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswe eglasini laseVenetian kanye nengilazi enamabala, futhi i-gauze equkethe i-nano esiliva powder ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kweziguli ezishisiwe. Njengamanje, i-nano yesiliva powder ingangena esikhundleni se-powders yesiliva e-Ultra-Fine e-paste ephase, enganciphisa inani lesiliva nokunciphisa izindleko; Lapho izinhlayiya zensimbi ze-nano zisetshenziswa njengama-colorants ngopende, ukuhlanganiswa okukhanyayo okukhethekile kwenza kube lula izimoto zikanokusho nokunye ukuhlobisa okuphezulu. Inamandla amakhulu okusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-slurry eyenziwe nge-colloid eyigugu ye-colloid ephakeme inesilinganiso sentengo esezingeni eliphakeme nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa isizukulwane esisha semikhiqizo ephezulu ye-elekthronikhi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-colloid eyigugu eyigugu ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni komjikelezo we-elekthronikhi kanye nobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, njengama-pluy pd pd ama-colloids angenziwa ngoketshezi lwe-toner lokukhiqiza ama-elekthronikhi.

1.2. Abasekeli Abasekelwayo

Izinto ezisekelwayo ze-nano zezinsimbi ezinhle zezinkambi zivame ukubhekisela kuma-composites atholakala ngokulayisha ama-nanoparticles wezinsimbi ezinhle nezikhombisi zawo ku-cordites ethile ye-porous, futhi abanye abantu bazihlukanisa njengezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezinhle. Inezinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu:

① Izinto zokwenziwa ze-nano ze-powder zabahlakazeke kakhulu futhi abavumelanayo izinto zensimbi ezinhle kakhulu nezinto ezihlanganisiwe zingatholakala, ezingavimba ngempumelelo i-agglomeration ye-nanoparticles yensimbi enhle;

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula kunohlobo olungasekelwa, futhi izinkomba zobuchwepheshe kulula ukuzilawula.

Ama-powders wensimbi asekelwayo akhiqizwe futhi asetshenziswa embonini afaka i-AG, AU, PT, PD Nanoparticles ezakhiwe phakathi kwazo kanye nezinye izinsimbi.

Isicelo:

Njengamanje ama-nanomatale e-noble wensimbi asezingeni eliphakeme asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengama-catalysts. Ngenxa yosayizi omncane kanye nendawo enkulu engaphezulu yendawo yama-nanoparticles e-nanopartics amahle, izwe elihlanganisa izibopho kanye nokuxhumana kwama-athomu angaphezulu ahluke kakhulu kulabo abase-athomu bangaphakathi, futhi banezimo eziyisisekelo njengama-catalysts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali okuyingqayizivele kwe-metals eyigugu kubenza bahlale bezinyoka ezihlukile ze-catalytic, umsebenzi we-catalytic kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha ngemuva kokufakwa kuma-cartalysts.

Njengamanje, izinhlobonhlobo zokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-nano-scale ama-catalysts we-nano-spale Isibonelo, i-colloidal pt catalyst esekelwa ku-zeolite-1 isetshenziselwa ukuguqula ama-alkanes ku-petroleum, i-colloidal ru esekelwa ku-amonmonia ingasetshenziselwa i-ammonia synthesis, i-PT100 -XAUX colloids ingasetshenziselwa i-n-butane hydrogenolysis ne-isomerization. I-Metal eyigugu (ikakhulukazi i-PT) ama-nanomatadium njengama-catalysts nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthengisweni kwamaseli kaphethiloli: Ngenxa yokusebenza okuhle kwe-catalytic kwezinhlayiya zamafutha ayi-1-10 Kuyathuthuka, futhi inani lezinsimbi eziyigugu lingancishiswa, ukuze izindleko zokulungiselela zincishiswe kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsimbi ze-nano-ezilinganiselwe zizophinde zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla we-hydrogen. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-catalysts we-nano-scale amangalisayo ukuhlukanisa amanzi ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen kuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwama-nenomoledium angathandeki. Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa ama-nanomatadium amahle e-catalyze ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen. Isibonelo, i-Colloidal IR iyi-catalyst esebenzayo yokuncishiswa kwamanzi ekukhiqizeni i-hydrogen.

2. Amaqoqo wenoveli wezinsimbi ezinhle

Usebenzisa ukusabela kwe-Schiffrin, i-AU, i-alloys yabo evikelwe nge-ALKYL Thiol ingalungiswa, njenge-AU / AG, AU / CU, AU / AU / CU, i-AU / AU / CU, i-AU / CU / CU, i-AU / CU / CU, Inombolo enkulu ye-AU / AU / CU / CU, Inombolo enkulu ye-AU / AU / CU Imvelo ezinzile ivumela ukuthi ichithwe kaninginingi njenge-molecule ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration, futhi ingabhekana nokusabela okufana nokushintshana, ukuhlanganisa kanye namakristali, kanye namakristali ngama-athomu ama-athomu. Ngakho-ke, amaqoqo e-athomu abizwa nge-monolayer evikelwe ama-molecule (MPC).

Isicelo: Kutholakele ukuthi ama-nanoparticles wegolide anosayizi we-3-40 NM angasetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwamaseli kwangaphakathi futhi athuthukise ukulungiswa kwezicubu zangaphakathi kwamaseli, okubaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwe-biology ye-cell biology.

I-3. Izinto zefilimu eziyigugu zensimbi

Izinsimbi eziyigugu zinezakhiwo ezizinzile zamakhemikhali futhi akulula ukuphendula ngemvelo ezungezile, futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izimbotshana zangaphandle kanye namafilimu aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwe-coating evamile yokuhlobisa, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ingilazi enezinhlamvu zegolide ivele njengekhethini lodonga ukubonisa imisebe yokushisa futhi linciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Isibonelo, i-Royal Bank of Canada Building eToronto ifake ingilazi ekhanyayo yegolide, isebenzisa i-77.77 kg yegolide yegolide.

UHongwe Nano ungumenzi ochwepheshe weNano eyigugu yensimbi eyigugu, enganikeza izinhlayiya zensimbi eziyigugu eziyigugu, ama-metal wensimbi ama-oxide ama-nanoparticles, ama-shell-core nanoparticles aqukethe izinsimbi eziyigugu nokusabalalisa kwazo kuma-batches. Uyemukelwa ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola eminye imininingwane!