Njengamanje, izinto zensimbi eziyigugu ze-nano zisetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimboni, futhi lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu ngokuvamile ziyimikhiqizo ecutshungulwe ngokujulile.Okubizwa ngokuthi ukucutshungulwa okujulile kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kubhekisela ohlelweni lokushintsha uhlobo olungokwenyama noma lwamakhemikhali lwezinsimbi eziyigugu noma izinhlanganisela ngochungechunge lwezinqubo zokucubungula ukuze zibe yimikhiqizo yensimbi eyigugu kakhulu.Manje ngokuhlanganiswa ne-nanotechnology, ububanzi bokucutshungulwa okujulile kwensimbi sebunwetshiwe, futhi sekwethulwe nemikhiqizo eminingi emisha yensimbi eyigugu ejulile yokucubungula.

Izinto zensimbi eziyigugu ze-Nano zifaka izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinto ezilula zensimbi nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-nanopowder, insimbi ehloniphekile entsha yama-nanomaterials kanye nezinto zefilimu yensimbi ehloniphekile.Phakathi kwazo, izinto ze-nano powder eziyisisekelo nezihlanganisiwe zezinsimbi ezihloniphekile zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: ezisekelwe nezingasekelwe, okuyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zensimbi eziyigugu embonini.

1. Izinto ze-Nanopowder zezinsimbi ezihloniphekile nezinhlanganisela

1.1.Impushana engasekelwe

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-nanopowder ezinsimbi ezihlonishwayo njengesiliva(Ag), igolide(Au), i-palladium(Pd) neplatinum(Pt), kanye nama-nanoparticles wezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezinhle njengesiliva oxide.Ngenxa yamandla anamandla okusebenzisana kwama-nanoparticles, kulula ukuhlanganisa ama-nanoparticles.Ngokuvamile, i-ejenti ethile yokuzivikela (enomphumela wokuhlakazeka) isetshenziselwa ukugqoka ubuso bezinhlayiya ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiselela noma ngemva kokutholakala komkhiqizo wempushana.

Isicelo:

Njengamanje, ama-nanoparticles ensimbi ayigugu angasekelwe athuthukiswe futhi asetshenziswa embonini ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa i-nano silver powder, nano gold powder, nano platinum powder kanye ne-nano silver oxide.Izinhlayiya zegolide ze-Nano njengombala sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziswa engilazini yaseVenice kanye nengilazi enemibala, futhi i-gauze equkethe i-nano powder powder ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni iziguli ezishile.Njengamanje, i-nano silver powder ingathatha indawo ye-ultra-fine silver powders in conductive paste, enganciphisa inani lesiliva futhi inciphise izindleko;lapho izinhlayiya zensimbi ze-nano zisetshenziswa njengama-colorants kupende, ukunamathela okugqamile okukhethekile kuyenza ifaneleke izimoto zikanokusho neminye imihlobiso ephezulu.Inamandla amakhulu wohlelo lokusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-slurry eyenziwe nge-colloid yensimbi eyigugu inenani eliphezulu lokusebenza-intengo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ozinzile, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa isizukulwane esisha semikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi esebenza kahle.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-colloid yensimbi eyigugu ngokwayo ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni isekethe ye-elekthronikhi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokupakisha be-elekthronikhi, njengama-colloids ensimbi eyigugu ye-Pd ingenziwa ibe uketshezi lwe-toner lokukhiqiza isekethe ye-elekthronikhi kanye nokufakwa kwegolide kwezandla.

1.2.Izimpushana ezisekelwe

Izinto ezisekelwayo ze-nano zezinsimbi ezihloniphekile ngokuvamile zibhekisela kuzinhlanganisela ezitholakala ngokulayisha ama-nanoparticles ezinsimbi ezihlonishwayo nezinhlanganisela zawo kusithwali esithile esinezimbotshana, futhi abanye abantu baphinde bazihlukanise njengezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezinhle.Inezinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu:

① Izinto ze-Nano powder zezakhi zensimbi ezihlakazekile kakhulu nezifanayo zingatholakala, ezingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa kwama-nanoparticles ensimbi ahloniphekile;

②Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula kunohlobo olungasekelwe, futhi izinkomba zobuchwepheshe kulula ukuzilawula.

Izimpushana zensimbi ezisekelwayo eziye zakhiqizwa futhi zasetshenziswa embonini zihlanganisa i-Ag, i-Au, i-Pt, i-Pd, i-Rh kanye nama-nanoparticles alloy akhiwe phakathi kwawo nezinye izinsimbi eziyisisekelo.

Isicelo:

Njengamanje ama-nanomaterials ensimbi asekelwayo asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengama-catalyst.Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane kanye nendawo enkulu yendawo ethile ye-nanoparticles yensimbi ehloniphekile, isimo sokubopha kanye nokuxhumana kwama-athomu angaphezulu kwehluke kakhulu kulawo angaphakathi kwama-athomu angaphakathi, ukuze iziza ezisebenzayo phezu kwezinhlayiya zensimbi ezihloniphekile zande kakhulu. , futhi banezimo eziyisisekelo njengama-catalysts.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuyingqayizivele kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kubenza babe nokuzinza okuyingqayizivele kwe-catalytic, umsebenzi we-catalytic kanye nokuvuselelwa ngemva kokwenziwa ama-catalyst.

Njengamanje, izinhlobonhlobo zezici zensimbi eziyigugu ze-nano-scale ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokusetshenziswa embonini yokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali sezenziwe.Isibonelo, i-colloidal Pt catalyst esekelwe ku-zeolite-1 isetshenziselwa ukuguqula ama-alkanes abe yi-petroleum, i-colloidal Ru esekelwe ku-carbon ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ammonia, i-Pt100 -xAux colloids ingasetshenziselwa i-n-butane hydrogenolysis kanye ne-isomerization.Insimbi eyigugu (ikakhulukazi i-Pt) njengama-nanomaterials njengama-catalyst nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kwamaseli kaphethiloli: ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinhlayiya ze-1-10 nm Pt, i-nano-scale Pt isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-fuel cell catalysts, hhayi ama-catalytic kuphela. ukusebenza.Ithuthukisiwe, futhi inani lezinsimbi eziyigugu lingancishiswa, ukuze izindleko zokulungisa zingancishiswa kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsimbi eziyigugu ze-nano-scale nazo zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla e-hydrogen.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nano-scale noble metal catalysts ukuhlukanisa amanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrogen kuyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwama-nanomaterials ensimbi ahloniphekile.Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa i-noble metal nanomaterials ukwenza ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen.Isibonelo, i-colloidal Ir iyisisusa esisebenzayo sokunciphisa amanzi ekukhiqizeni i-hydrogen.

2. Amaqoqo amanoveli ezinsimbi ezinhle

Ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-Schiffrin, i-Au, i-Ag nama-alloys ayo avikelwe nge-alkyl thiol ingalungiswa, njenge-Au/Ag, i-Au/Cu, i-Au/Ag/Cu, i-Au/Pt, i-Au/Pd kanye namaqoqo e-athomu e-Au/Ag/ I-Cu/Pd njll. Inombolo enkulu ye-cluster complex ayiyodwa futhi ingafinyelela ukuhlanzeka "kwamangqamuzana".Imvelo ezinzile iwavumela ukuthi ancibilike ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi anemvula njengama-molecule ajwayelekile ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration, futhi angabhekana nokusabela okunjengokushintshana, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokwenza i-polymerization, futhi akhe amakristalu anamaqoqo e-athomu njengamayunithi esakhiwo.Ngakho-ke, amaqoqo anjalo e-athomu abizwa ngokuthi ama-monolayer protected cluster molecules (MPC).

Isicelo: Kutholwe ukuthi ama-nanoparticles egolide anobukhulu obuyi-3-40 nm angasetshenziselwa ukungcola kwangaphakathi kwamaseli futhi athuthukise ukuxazululwa kokubhekwa kwezicubu zangaphakathi zamaseli, okubaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwe-cell biology.

3. Izinto eziyigugu zefilimu yensimbi

Izinsimbi eziyigugu zinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile futhi akulula ukusabela endaweni ezungezile, futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izimbotshana ezingaphezulu namafilimu anezimbobo.Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa okujwayelekile, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ingilazi efakwe ngegolide ibonakale njengekhethini lodonga ukukhombisa imisebe yokushisa nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.Ngokwesibonelo, i-Royal Bank of Canada Building e-Toronto ifake ingilazi ekhanyayo enegolide, isebenzisa u-77.77 kg wegolide.

I-Hongwu Nano ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe wezinhlayiya zensimbi eziyigugu ze-nano, ezingahlinzeka ngezinhlayiya zensimbi eziyigugu ze-nano, ama-nanoparticles ensimbi eyigugu, ama-shell-core nanoparticles aqukethe izinsimbi eziyigugu kanye nokuhlakazeka kwawo ngamaqoqo.Siyakwamukela ukuxhumana nathi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe!