Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukungena kanye nomthelela we-nanotechnology ku-Medicine, i-bioelineerring kanye nekhemisi kuye kwabonakala. I-Nanotechnology inenzuzo engenakufinyeleleka ekhemisi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yokulethwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe futhi yasendaweni, ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa kwe-mucosal, ukwelashwa kwe-gene nokukhishwa okulawulwayo kwamaprotheni kanye ne-polyppepde

Izidakamizwa ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zemithamo zisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke umzimba ngemuva komjovo we-intravenous, owomlomo noma wezidakamizwa empeleni ezifika endaweni eqondile yokwelashwa kuphela, futhi kuzoletha nemiphumela emibi yokwelapha hhayi kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwamafomu amasha wezidakamizwa sekuphenduke isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwekhemisi lesimanje, kanye nocwaningo ohlelweni oluqondiswe ezidakamizweni (TDDS) selube yindawo eshisayo ocwaningweni lwekhemisi

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezidakamizwa ezilula, abathwali bezidakamizwa beNANO bangabona ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe. Ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe kubhekisele ohlelweni lokulethwa kwezidakamizwa olusiza abathwali, ama-ligands noma ama-antibodies ukuthola izidakamizwa ezihlosiwe, izitho eziqondiwe, amaseli okuhlosiwe noma ukujikeleza kwegazi kwegazi. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sendlela ethile yokuqondisa, i-Nano Drier Carriers ihambisa umuthi kulitshe elithile futhi inethonya lokwelapha. Kungafinyelela umuthi osebenzayo onemithamo emincane, imiphumela emibi ephansi, umphumela wezidakamizwa oqhubekayo, i-bioavailobility ephezulu, nokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside komphumela wokuhlushwa kuhlosiwe.

Amalungiselelo aqondisiwe ikakhulukazi amalungiselelo enethiwekhi, ikakhulukazi asebenzisa izinhlayiya ze-ultrafine, ezingaqoqa ngokukhetha lokhu kuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiya esibindini, esibangelini, i-lymph kanye nezinye izingxenye ngenxa yemiphumela emzimbeni nangokomzimba emzimbeni. I-TDDS isho uhlobo olusha lohlelo lokulethwa kwezidakamizwa olukwazi ukugxila futhi lwendawo izidakamizwa ezicutshini ezinesifo, izitho, amaseli noma amaseli we-intra ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba kwegazi lendawo noma okuhlelekile.

Amalungiselelo emithi we-nano ahlosiwe. Bakwazi ukugxila ezingcupheni endaweni eqondiwe ngethonya elincane kwizitho ezingezona eziqondiwe. Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa futhi banciphise imiphumela emibi ehlelekile. Babhekwa njengezindlela ezifanele kakhulu zokuthambisa izidakamizwa zakwa-Anticancer. Njengamanje, eminye imikhiqizo yokulungiselela i-nano isemakethe, futhi inani elikhulu lama-nano-amalungiselelo ahlosiwe asesigabeni sokucwaninga, esinamathemba abanzi wohlelo lokusebenza ekuthini ukwelashwa kwesimila.

Izici zamalungiselelo we-nano-okuhlosiwe:

Ukuqondiswa kwe-⊙: umuthi ugxile endaweni okuhlosiwe;

⊙ Yehlisa umthamo wemithi;

⊙ Thuthukisa umphumela owelashwa;

⊙ Yehlisa imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa. 

Umphumela wokuqondisa ama-nano-amalungiselelo ahlosiwe unokuhlobana okukhulu ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana. Izinhlayiya ezinosayizi ongaphansi kwe-100nm zinganqwabelana kumongo wethambo; Izinhlayiya ze-100-200nm zingacetshiswa ngeziza eziqinile zesitago; ngenkathi u-0.2-3um ephuza ama-macrophages ku-spleen; Izinhlayiya> 7 μm zivame ukubanjwa umbhede we-pulmonary capillary bese ufaka izicubu zamaphaphu noma i-alveoli. Ngakho-ke, amalungiselelo ahlukene we-nano akhombisa imiphumela ehlukene yokuqondisa ngenxa yokwehluka esimweni sokuba khona kwezidakamizwa, njengosayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye necala elingaphezulu. 

Abathwali abasetshenziswa kaningi bokwakha amapulatifomu ahlanganisiwe we-nano wokuxilongwa okuqondiwe nokwelashwa ikakhulukazi afaka:

(1) abathwali be-lipid, njenge-liposome nanoparticles;

(2) Abathwali be-polymer, njenge-polymer dendrimers, Micelles, ama-polymer vesicles, ama-block copolymers, izinhlayiya ze-protein nano;

.

Lezi zimiso ezilandelayo zivame ukulandela lapho kukhethwe abathwali beNANO:

(1) isilinganiso sokulayisha izidakamizwa esiphakeme nezimpawu zokukhishwa ezilawulwayo;

(2) Ubuthi obuphansi bendalo yemvelo futhi akukho mpendulo yokuzivikela komzimba;

(3) Inokuqina okuhle kwe-colloidal kanye nokuqina komzimba;

(4) Ukulungiselela okulula, ukukhiqizwa okulula okuphezulu, kanye nezindleko eziphansi 

I-Nano Gold Okuhlosiwe Kwezokwelapha

IGOLOD (AU) NanoparticlesIba nokuzwakala okuhle kwemisebe kanye nezakhiwo ze-Optical, ezingasetshenziswa kahle e-radiotherapy ehlosiwe. Ngokuthola umklamo omuhle, izinhlayiya zegolide ze-nano zinganqwabelana kahle ngezicubu zesimo. I-AU Nanoparticles ingakhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe kule ndawo, futhi futhi ingaguqula isigameko esikhanyayo esikhanyayo ibe amandla okushisa ukubulala amaseli womdlavuza endaweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidakamizwa ebusweni bezinhlayiya zeNano AU nazo zingadedelwa kule ndawo, zithuthukisa futhi umphumela wokwelapha. 

Ama-nanoparticles angabhekelwa futhi ngokomzimba. Ama-nanopowders alungiswa ngokugoqwa izidakamizwa nezinto ezinama-ferromagnetic, futhi esebenzisa umphumela we-magnetic field ku-vitro ukuqondisa ukunyakaza okuqondayo nokwenziwa kwezidakamizwa emzimbeni. Izinto ezivamile ezisetshenziswa kazibuthe, ezinjengo-fe₂O₃, sebefundwe ngokuhlanganisa i-mitoxanttrone nge-dextran bese uyisonga ngo-fe₂O₃ ukulungiselela ama-nanoparticles. Ucwaningo lwe-Pharmacokinetic lwenziwa ngamagundane. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ama-nanoparticles abhekiswe ngokuqina angafika masinyane futhi ahlale esizeni se-tumor, ukugcwala kwezidakamizwa ezibhekiswe kakhulu endaweni yesimila ephakeme kunalezo izicubu ezijwayelekile negazi.

Fe₃O₄kufakazelwe ukuthi ayihambelani nobuthi futhi ihambisane. Kususelwa kwizakhiwo ezihlukile zomzimba, zamakhemikhali, ezishisayo kanye ne-magnetic, i-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles zinamandla amakhulu okusetshenziselwa ukucwaninga kwe-biomedical, okuhlosiwe kanye nethuluzi lokucwaninga kwezembazo, ukwelashwa kwamaseli okufana nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli nokuhlanzwa; ukulungisa izicubu; Ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa; ukufana kwamandla kazibuthe zenuzi; Ukwelashwa kwe-Hyperthermia kwamaseli womdlavuza, njll.

I-Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)Iba nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esiyingqayizivele namadayimane angaphakathi nangaphandle, angakha amakhono amahle wokungeniswa kwamaseli futhi angasetshenziswa njenge-nanocalrariers yezidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-carbon nanotubes nawo anomsebenzi wokuthola ama-tumors futhi adlale indima enhle ekumakeni. Isibonelo, ama-carbon nanotubes adlala indima ekuvikeleni izindlala zeParathyroid ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengophawu lwezindawo ze-lymph ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, futhi inomsebenzi wezidakamizwa zokukhipha kancane, ezinikezela amathuba abanzi wokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza we-colorectal metastasis.

Ukufingqa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology emkhakheni wezokwelapha kanye nekhemisi kunethemba elikhanyayo, futhi ngokuqinisekile lizokwenza inguquko entsha yezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezokwelapha nekhemisi, ukuze wenze iminikelo emisha ekwenzeni ngcono impilo yabantu kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yabantu.